Interactive Simulation of the Human Eye Depth of Field and Its Correction by Spectacle Lenses

Abstract

This paper describes a fast rendering algorithm for verification of spectacle lens design. Our method simulates refraction corrections of astigmatism as well as myopia or presbyopia. Refraction and defocus are the main issues in the simulation. For refraction, our proposed method uses per-vertex basis ray tracing which warps the environment map and produces a real-time refracted image which is subjectively as good as ray tracing. Conventional defocus simulation was previously done by distribution ray tracing and a real-time solution was impossible. We introduce the concept of a blur field, which we use to displace every vertex according to its position. The blurring information is precomputed as a set of field values distributed to voxels which are formed by evenly subdividing the perspective projected space. The field values can be determined by tracing a wavefront from each voxel through the lens and the eye, and by evaluating the spread of light at the retina considering the best human accommodation effort. The blur field is stored as texture data and referred to by the vertex shader that displaces each vertex. With an interactive frame rate, blending the multiple rendering results produces a blurred image comparable to distribution ray tracing output.

Chromablur

“…By universal we mean that there is li le, if any, variation across individuals. Some graphics researchers [Barsky 2004;Kakimoto et al 2007;Mostafawy et al 1997;Nießner et al 2012;Tang and Xiao 2015;Wu et al 2011] have pursued rendering of retinal images with the goal of visualizing optical e ects due to human eye aberrations. Most used ray-tracing in the style of Kolb, employing accurate eye models from the vision science literature [Polans et al 2015].…”

Image and Geometry Processing for 3-D Cinematography

“…In animated 3-D movies, the depth of field can be artificially changed, since images with infinite depth of field can be generated, together with a depth map: [31,7,36]. In live-action stereoscopic cinema, the depth of field can be reduced using similar techniques, given a depth map extracted from the live stereoscopic sequence.…”

Catra

“…Pamplona et al [2009] studied the pupil light reflex. Kakimoto et al [2007] described wavefront tracing in the eye for refractive aberrations. Machado et al [2010] created a model for the perception of color vision deficients.…”