Interannual and between species comparison of the lipids, fatty acids and sterols of Antarctic krill from the US AMLR Elephant Island survey area

Phleger, Charles F.; Nelson, Matthew M.; Mooney, Ben D.; Nichols, Peter D.

doi:10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00021-0

Cited by 117 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Nelson et al 2000, Phleger et al 2002. Although proportions of DG 18:1ω9 were slightly greater in zooplankton-fed krill than in most phytoplankton-fed krill (11.1 to 14.0 and 7.7 to 11.2% respectively), these values were markedly lower than those occurring in this study for krill fed on a cryptomonad diet (up to 38% of total FA).…”

Section: Fatty Acids In Dg As Dietary Markerscontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…This approach has been increasingly applied to studies of the feeding ecology of Antarctic krill in the field (Cripps & Hill 1998, Cripps et al 1999, Cripps & Atkinson 2000, Phleger et al 2002.…”

Section: Fatty Acids In Dg As Dietary Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regional differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) content and fatty acid (FA) composition of Euphausia superba have been attributed to changes in diet (Mayzaud 1997, Cripps et al 1999, Phleger et al 2002. The herbivorous behaviour of E. superba was suggested by the resemblances in fatty acid compositions of phytoplankton and krill in the Ross Sea (Bottino 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Alonzo¹,

Virtue²,

Nicol³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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To examine the potential of lipids as dietary markers in Euphausia superba Dana, juvenile krill were fed 4 phytoplankton diets (diatoms, cryptomonads, dinoflagellates and thraustochytrids over a range of food concentrations) and 2 species of zooplankton (rotifers and Artemia sp.) for 20 d. Lipid content, lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition were analysed for whole krill and digestive glands (DG). Changes detected in whole krill were almost entirely associated with the lipid variability observed in DG. With marked diet-induced changes, DG lipids were the major repository for the trophic signal in krill. DG lipid content increased in krill fed on phytoplankton due to the accumulation of polar lipid (0.5 mg per DG) and triacylglycerol (up to 1.7 mg per DG). Herbivorous diets induced distinct FA signatures in the DG, characterised by higher proportions of: 16:1ω7 and 20:5ω3 in diatom-fed krill; 18:1ω9 and 18:4ω3 in cryptomonad-fed krill; 18:1ω9, 18:4ω3+18:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 in dinoflagellate-fed krill; and 14:0 and 22:6ω3 in thraustochytrid-fed krill. Dietary FA markers increased in relative proportion (% total FA) in the DG with increasing concentration of each particular food. Krill fed rotifers or Artemia sp. showed relatively low DG lipid content, with only slightly higher proportions of 18:2ω6 than observed with phytoplankton diets. Zooplankton diets induced no significant difference in FA composition in relation to the species of zooplankton used as prey or to the algal type consumed by these prey.

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Section: Fatty Acids In Dg As Dietary Markerscontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Fatty Acids In Dg As Dietary Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Alonzo¹,

Virtue²,

Nicol³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The potential health benefits from these attributes are being marketed in various forms of krill oil products. However, the fatty acid profile of krill oil can vary by as much as twofold depending on the region, season of harvest, and interannual variability (62,63). Moreover, Southern Ocean krill are highly perishable because of autolytic enzymes (64), and the highly unsaturated fatty acids are prone to rapid oxidation (65).…”

Section: Alternatives To Forage Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources

Naylor

Hardy²,

Bureau³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

1,229

865

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Aquaculture's pressure on forage fisheries remains hotly contested. This article reviews trends in fishmeal and fish oil use in industrial aquafeeds, showing reduced inclusion rates but greater total use associated with increased aquaculture production and demand for fish high in long-chain omega-3 oils. The ratio of wild fisheries inputs to farmed fish output has fallen to 0.63 for the aquaculture sector as a whole but remains as high as 5.0 for Atlantic salmon. Various plant- and animal-based alternatives are now used or available for industrial aquafeeds, depending on relative prices and consumer acceptance, and the outlook for single-cell organisms to replace fish oil is promising. With appropriate economic and regulatory incentives, the transition toward alternative feedstuffs could accelerate, paving the way for a consensus that aquaculture is aiding the ocean, not depleting it.

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“…단일불포화지방산 중, 주로 식물플랑크톤에서 기원하는 것으로 알려진 지방산 16:1(n-7)과 18:1(n-7) (Sargent et al 1987;Falk-Petersen et al 2000)은 동중국해의 개체에 서 가장 낮게 나타났으나(약 3%), 와편모조류로부터 주로 기원하는 것으로 알려진 22:6(n-3) (Graeve et al 1994b;Falk-Petersen et al 2000)은 높게 나타나(13.5 ± 0.6%) 와 편모조류를 포함하는 미세조류가 채집 당시 동중국해 크 릴의 주요 먹이원이었던 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 또한, 규 조류 기원이며 eicosanoid의 생산, 조절과 관련이 있는 20:5(n-3) (Nichols et al 1993 (Sargent and Whittle 1981;Sargent et al 1987;Nichols et al 1993;Phleger et al 2002). 18:1(n-7)/18:1(n-9) 비율의 결과로부터 추정된 비교적 초식 성향이 강한 황해와 동해 크릴의 규조류/편모 조류 비율(20:5(n-3)/22:6(n-3))은 각각 b D refers to the sum of all diatom markers [16:1(n-7) + 20:5(n-3) and 16PUFA], whereas F refers to the sum of all flagellate markers [22:6(n-3), 18:2(n-6), 18PUFA].…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Comparisons of Feeding Ecology of Euphausia pacifica from Korean Waters Using Lipid Composition

김혜선¹,

주세종²,

고아라³

2010

Ocean and Polar Research

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: Dietary lipid biomarkers (fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and sterols) in adult specimens were analyzed to compare and understand the feeding ecology of the euphausiid, Euphausia pacifica, from three geographically and environmentally diverse Korean waters (Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and East Sea). Total lipid content of E. pacifica from Korean waters was about 10% dry weight (DW) with a dominance of phospholipids (>46.9% of total lipid content), which are known as membrane components. A saturated fatty acid, C16:0, a monounsaturated fatty acid, C18:1(n-9), and two polyunsaturated fatty acids, C20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), were most abundant (>60% of total fatty acids) in the fatty acid composition. Some of the fatty acids showed slight differences among regions although no significant compositional changes of fatty acids were detected between these regions. Phytol, originating from the side chain of chlorophyll and indicative of active feeding on phytoplankton, was detected all samples. Trace amounts of various fatty alcohols were also detected in E. pacifica. Specifically, krill from the Yellow Sea showed relatively high amounts of longchain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (i.e. 20:1 and 22:1), generally found in herbivorous copepods. Three different kinds of sterols were detected in E. pacifica. The most dominant of these sterols was cholest-5-en-3β-ol (cholesterol). The lipid compositions and ratios of fatty acid trophic markers are indicative of herbivory in E. pacifica from the Yellow Sea and East Sea (mainly feeding on dinoflagellates and diatoms, respectively). The lipid compositions and ratios of fatty acid trophic markers are indicative of carnivory or omnivory in E. pacifica from the East China Sea, mainly feeding on microzooplankton such as protozoa. In conclusion, lipid biomarkers provide useful information about krill feeding type. However, further analyses and experiments (i.e. gut content analysis, in situ grazing experiment, etc.) are needed to better understand the feeding ecology of E. pacifica in various marine environments.

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Interannual and between species comparison of the lipids, fatty acids and sterols of Antarctic krill from the US AMLR Elephant Island survey area

Cited by 117 publications

References 52 publications

Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. II. Lipid composition of the body and digestive gland of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources

Comparisons of Feeding Ecology of Euphausia pacifica from Korean Waters Using Lipid Composition

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