Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0

Xu, Li; Pierce, David W.; Russell, Lynn M.; Miller, Arthur J.; Somerville, Richard C. J.; Twohy, Cynthia H.; Ghan, Steven J.; Singh, Balwinder; Yoon, Jin‐Ho; Rasch, Philip J.

doi:10.1002/2014jd022888

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In addition to the main ROI, similar analysis was done for two neighboring 10° × 10° boxes that span altogether a ~3,000‐km belt over the Pacific Ocean. This belt is located south of the Tropical Pacific, and therefore, the interannual influence of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation is less pronounced (Xu et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal‐Scale Analysis of Environmental Controls on Sea Spray Aerosol Production Over the South Pacific Gyre

Dror

Lehahn

Altaratz

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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An understanding of sea spray aerosol (SSA) production is needed to better assess its influence on climate. Using satellite data, we investigated the production of the coarse mode of aerosol optical depth (AODc), a proxy for SSA, over the pristine South Pacific Gyre. The analysis was done on three time scales: daily, seasonal, and interannual. Scale‐dependent links were shown between the AODc and wind speed (W). AODc and W were positively correlated on both daily and interannual time scales but were significantly anticorrelated on the seasonal time scale. Seasonality of the AODc − W link suggests contribution of other environmental factors. The main variable that could statistically explain trends in AODc on the seasonal time scale was chlorophyll a concentration, which showed a clear negative correlation with AODc. The AODc yield per W unit was clearly reduced when chlorophyll a concentration was high, suggesting a secondary, but important influence of marine biological activity on SSA production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal‐Scale Analysis of Environmental Controls on Sea Spray Aerosol Production Over the South Pacific Gyre

Dror

Lehahn

Altaratz

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The parameterization scheme is both associated with wind speed and sea surface temperature. The spatial distribution of sea salt burden is similar to that of Jaeglé et al (2011) and Xu et al (2015), which used the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and the CESM, respectively. Global mean column burden is calculated to be 17 mg/m 2 , close to 14.7 mg/m 2 by Zhang et al (2012), and the total burden is 8.5 Tg, within the range of 7.5 ± 4 Tg by Textor et al (2006).…”

Section: Sea Salt Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Inhomogeneity of Wet Sea Salt Aerosols Affects Direct Radiative Forcing

Wang

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Sea salt aerosols were assumed to be homogeneous spheres in most climate models. However, observations show that sea salt particles are inhomogeneous during the deliquesce and crystallization processes. Using a two‐layer sphere model, we found that backscattering of solar radiation associated with sea salts is underestimated in homogeneous sea salt models. The Community Earth System Model is used to assess the inhomogeneity effect on direct radiative forcing. For global climate model simulation, the inhomogeneity effect on radiative transfer is found to be small as high RHs over widespread oceans suppress the impact of inhomogeneity. On the other hand, in coastal regions, the inhomogeneity effect can cause up to 10% radiative forcing difference of sea salt aerosols. The inhomogeneity effect of sea salt aerosols has to be considered over coastal regions, especially in the Mediterranean, Australia, and the eastern coast of South America.

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“…The changes in sea salt concentrations caused by changes in sea salt emissions show a similar pattern, which decrease over the tropical central Pacific Ocean and increase over the subtropical Pacific Ocean (Figure e), similar to the findings of Xu et al . [].…”

Section: Contributions Of Enso‐related Cloud Fractions and Natural Aementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ENSO events on cloud radiative effects in preindustrial conditions: Changes in cloud fraction and their dependence on interactive aerosol emissions and concentrations

Yang

Russell

et al. 2016

JGR Atmospheres

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We use three 150 year preindustrial simulations of the Community Earth System Model to quantify the impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on shortwave and longwave cloud radiative effects (CRE SW and CRE LW ). Compared to recent observations from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System data set, the model simulation successfully reproduces larger variations of CRE SW and CRE LW over the tropics. The ENSO cycle is found to dominate interannual variations of cloud radiative effects. Simulated cooling (warming) effects from CRE SW (CRE LW ) are strongest over the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean during warm ENSO events, with the largest difference between 20 and 60 W m À2 , with weaker effects of 10-40 W m À2 over Indonesian regions and the subtropical Pacific Ocean. Sensitivity tests show that variations of cloud radiative effects are mainly driven by ENSO-related changes in cloud fraction. The variations in midlevel and high cloud fractions each account for approximately 20-50% of the interannual variations of CRE SW over the tropics and almost all of the variations of CRE LW between 60°S and 60°N. The variation of low cloud fraction contributes to most of the variations of CRE SW over the midlatitude oceans. Variations in natural aerosol concentrations explained 10-30% of the variations of both CRE SW and CRE LW over the tropical Pacific, Indonesian regions, and the tropical Indian Ocean. Changes in natural aerosol emissions and concentrations enhance 3-5% and 1-3% of the variations of cloud radiative effects averaged over the tropics.

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Interannual to decadal climate variability of sea salt aerosols in the coupled climate model CESM1.0

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Temporal‐Scale Analysis of Environmental Controls on Sea Spray Aerosol Production Over the South Pacific Gyre

Temporal‐Scale Analysis of Environmental Controls on Sea Spray Aerosol Production Over the South Pacific Gyre

How the Inhomogeneity of Wet Sea Salt Aerosols Affects Direct Radiative Forcing

Impacts of ENSO events on cloud radiative effects in preindustrial conditions: Changes in cloud fraction and their dependence on interactive aerosol emissions and concentrations

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