Interannual variability in water masses in the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas

Алексеев, Г. В.; Johannessen, Ola M.; Korablev, Alexander; Ivanov, Vladimir; Kovalevsky, Dmitry V.

doi:10.3402/polar.v20i2.6518

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Seasonal-to decadal-scale temperature dipoles in the North Atlantic region have been highlighted for the late Holocene, in comparisons of Greenland ice-core data with historical data sets, and have been suggested to be influenced by the NAO (Barlow et al, 1997;Barlow, 2001;). Studies of instrumental data collected during the latter half of the twentieth century Alekseev et al (2001) found a positive SST anomaly ('/18C) in the northern Norwegian Sea (738N, 158E) and the most negative anomaly ((/18C) in the seas to the north, east and south of Iceland for the 1980 Á1990 period. Blindheim et al (2000) suggest that the instrumental data from 1950 onwards demonstrate that the oceanographic structure in the Nordic Seas is closely linked with the predominant wind system, which in turn is closely correlated with the NAO mode.…”

Section: Comparison Of North Iceland and Norwegian Currentmentioning

confidence: 98%

High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the North Icelandic Shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene

Bendle

Rosell-Melé²

2007

The Holocene

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The palaeoceanography of the northern Icelandic Shelf for the Holocene period was reconstructed from alkenone indices measured in core JR51-GC35. This contains a continuous record of Holocene sedimentation spanning 0 Á10.2 cal. kyr BP with a resolution of Â/20 yr/cm. We have identified a general Holocene cooling trend that has superimposed millennial-scale oscillations of !/28C. Their timing is in close agreement with the timing of glacier advances in northern Iceland. For the later half of the Holocene, the alkenone-sea surface temperature (SST) record from JR51-GC35 correlates with proxy data for the strength of NADW formation recorded in cores south of Iceland. This is interpreted as evidence of a close connection existing between north Icelandic sea surface temperatures and the North Atlantic meridonal overturning circulation. The timing of the millennial-scale SST variability in our core off North Iceland is found to be out of phase, or anti-phased, with the SST variability of a record in the eastern Nordic Seas (MD952011). This suggests that the evolution of Holocene climate in the Nordic Seas was more complex than previously proposed; and it is likely to be caused by differential responses of the Irminger and Norwegian Currents and modulated by changes in atmospheric circulation analogous to the North Atlantic Oscillation.

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Section: Comparison Of North Iceland and Norwegian Currentmentioning

confidence: 98%

High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the North Icelandic Shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene

Bendle

Rosell-Melé²

2007

The Holocene

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“…To conduct the spatial study of the ML-properties in the Norwegian Sea, temperature, salinity, and oxygen from a database compiled at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) in St. Petersburg (Johannessen, Alekseev, Ivanov, Korablev, Kovalevsky, Myakoshim, et al, 2000;Alekseev, Johannessen, Korablev, Ivanov, and Kovalevski, 2001;Furevik et al, 2002), were used. We have limited this part of our study to the area between 59…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of mixed layer properties in the Norwegian Sea for the period 1948–1999

Nilsen

Falck

2006

Progress in Oceanography

113

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The mixed layer of the ocean and the processes therein affect the ocean's biological production, the exchanges with the atmosphere, and the water modification processes important in a climate change perspective. To provide a better understanding of the variability in this system, this paper presents time series of the mixed layer properties depth, temperature, salinity, and oxygen from Ocean Weather Station M (OWSM; 66• N,2 • E) as well as spatial climatologies for the Norwegian Sea. The importance of underlying mechanisms such as atmospheric fluxes, advective signals, and dynamic control of isopycnal surfaces are addressed. In the region around OWSM in the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) the mixed layer depth varies between ∼20 m in summer and ∼300 m in winter. The depth of the wintertime mixing here is ultimately restrained by the interface between the Atlantic Water (AW) and the underlying water mass, and in general, the whole column of AW is found to be mixed during winter. In the Lofoten Basin the mean wintertime mixed layer reaches a depth of ∼600 m, while the AW fills the basin to a mean depth of ∼800 m. The temperature of the mixed layer at OWSM in general varies between 12• C in summer and 6• C in winter. Atmospheric heating controls the summer temperatures while the winter temperatures are governed by the advection of heat in the NwAC. Episodic lateral Ekman transports of coastal water facilitated by the shallow summer mixed layeris found important for the seasonal salinity cycle and freshening of the northward flowing AW. Atmospheric freshwater fluxes have no significant influence on the salinity of the AW in the area. Oxygen shows a clear annual cycle with highest values in May-June and lowest in August-September. Interannual variability of mixed layer oxygen does not appear to be linked to variations in any of the physical properties of the mixed layer.

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“…Occurrence of events like the Great Salinity Anomalies (Belkin et al, 1998;Dickson et al, 1988;Belkin, 2004) and the fact that the 1960s was a period of high salinity both at OWSM and in the return flow on the western side of the basin (Alekseev et al, 2001) influence the interpretation of the results here as well as those of Blindheim et al (2000). Independent of their causes, it is interesting to set the two clearly different situations in contrast to each other, in order to see if these changes in water mass distribution have any impact on the frontal structure (i.e.…”

Section: Relation To the North Atlantic Oscillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Atlantic Water flow along the Vøring Plateau: Detecting frontal structures in oceanic station time series

Nilsen

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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The topographic steering of the baroclinic western branch of the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) determines the extent of Atlantic Water and location of the Arctic Front in the Nordic Seas. In this paper the geographical spread of hydrographic measurements at the Ocean Weather Station M (OWSM, 66 • N 2 • E) is utilised to create mean sections across the Vøring Plateau Escarpment in the Norwegian Sea. In concert with a theoretical framework involving the impact of low pressure systems on frontal jets over steep bathymetry, the behaviour of the front-current system at this location is described. It is shown that the halocline and thermocline are sloped from about 200 m in the west and down to 400 m in the east over 40 km centred on the station, indicating that the western branch of the NwAC is located here. The horizontal gradients introduced by this slope are 2 • C and 0.1 for salinity. The frontal slope is not seen to change its inclination on seasonal, multi-annual, nor decadal timescales, indicating that the dynamic control of this frontal slope does not change appreciably. Further supported by the theoretical framework it is shown that the subsurface part of this front and the associated western branch of the NwAC is strongly locked by topography along the Vøring Plateau also on short timescales. From large scale bathymetry it is also shown how this kind of frontal locking can be expected over most of the ridges and continental slopes in the Nordic Seas.

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Interannual variability in water masses in the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the North Icelandic Shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene

High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the North Icelandic Shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene

Variations of mixed layer properties in the Norwegian Sea for the period 1948–1999

The Atlantic Water flow along the Vøring Plateau: Detecting frontal structures in oceanic station time series

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