Interband Cascade Laser Arrays for Simultaneous and Selective Analysis of C1–C5 Hydrocarbons in Petrochemical Industry

Scheuermann, Julian; Kluczynski, Pawel; Siembab, Krzysztof; Straszewski, Mateusz; Kaczmarek, Jakub; Weih, Robert; Fischer, M.; Koeth, Johannes; Schade, Anne; Höfling, Sven

doi:10.1177/0003702820978230

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sparse IR data are generated by instruments equipped either with detectors containing optical bandpass filters or with alternative light source that are sources of sparse‐frequency emission [5, 6, 8, 10–17]. Rapid developments of various sparse‐frequency MIR radiation sources and detectors, in combination with novel waveguides, is paving way for the new generation of photonic sensing devices which are economical, compact, robust and energy‐efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparse wavelengths data in mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Modelling approaches and channel sampling

Aledda,

Kohler,

Zimmermann

et al. 2023

Journal of Biophotonics

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Infrared instruments with smaller and cost‐effective components such as bandpass filters, single channel detectors, and laser‐based light sources are being developed to provide cheaper and faster analysis of biological samples. Such instruments often provide measurements in form of sparse data, which include a collection of single‐frequency channels or a collection of channels covering very narrow spectral ranges, called here multi‐frequency channels. To keep costs low, the number of channels needs to be kept at a minimum. However, modelling and preprocessing of sparse data needs enough channels to perform the task. The aim of this study therefore was to understand the effect of channels sampling on data modelling results and find optimal modelling algorithm for different type of sparse data. The sparse data was simulated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of milk and fungi. Regression models were established to predict fatty acid composition by partial least squares regression (PLSR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) methods. We observe that PLSR algorithm is very well suited for sparse data such as multi‐frequency channels: excellent calibration models were obtained with only three channels comprising three wavenumbers each. The results were comparable to results obtained with full spectra. MLR and RF in turn provided similarly good results using data with single‐frequency channels requiring nine channels in total.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparse wavelengths data in mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Modelling approaches and channel sampling

Aledda,

Kohler,

Zimmermann

et al. 2023

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…Quantitative spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in a variety of research domains. Notable applications of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) gas-phase spectroscopy include atmospheric and environmental monitoring, as well as in remediation processes [1][2][3][4][5] where the ability to reliably detect and quantify gas-phase species at the parts per million (ppm), or even parts per billion (ppb) level, is critical. This capability is often implemented in the longwave infrared region (i.e., the fingerprint region) where nearly all molecular species, including environmental contaminants, exhibit unique spectral absorption features that can be used for rapid signature identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interactive Spectral Analysis Tool for Chemical Identification and Quantification of Gas-Phase Species in Complex Spectra

et al. 2023

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A spectral analysis tool has been developed to interactively identify and quantify individual gas-phase species from complex infrared absorbance spectra obtained from laboratory or field data. The SpecQuant program has an intuitive graphical interface that accommodates both reference and experimental data with varying resolution and instrumental lineshape, as well as algorithms to readily align the wavenumber axis of a sample spectrum with the raster of a reference spectrum. Using a classical least squares model in conjunction with reference spectra such as those from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) gas-phase infrared database or simulated spectra derived from the HITRAN line-by-line database, the mixing ratio of each identified species is determined along with its associated estimation error. After correcting the wavelength and intensity of the field data, SpecQuant displays the calculated mixing ratio versus the experimental data for each analyte along with the residual spectrum with any or all analyte fits subtracted for visual inspection of the fit and residuals. The software performance for multianalyte quantification was demonstrated using moderate resolution (0.5 cm–1) infrared spectra that were collected during the time-resolved infrared photolysis of methyl iodide.

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“…These features of the ICL are ideal for a host of practical applications in the mid-infrared, including gas/chemical sensing, imaging, industrial process control, and free-space optical communication 7 – 11 The GaSb-based ICLs have demonstrated efficient room temperature (RT) operation in the 3 to 6 μm range but exhibited performance below their InAs-based counterparts beyond 6 μm due partially to limited effort and the difficulties associated with the waveguide traditionally used 4 , 5 , 12 , 13 . The typical waveguide used in a GaSb-based ICL consists of two Te-doped GaSb separate confinement layers (SCLs) surrounding the cascade active region, wrapped by two n-type doped InAs/AlSb superlattice (SL) cladding layers, which have a low thermal conductivity and a small contrast in refractive index with the cascade region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interband cascade lasers with advanced waveguides operating in the 3 to 4 μm wavelength region

Massengale,

Shen,

Yang

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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We report the first implementation of an advanced waveguide structure, consisting of GaSb separate confinement layers, n-doped InAs/AlSb superlattice intermediate cladding layers, and n þ -doped InAs 0.91 Sb 0.09 plasmon-enhanced cladding layers for GaSb-based interband cascade lasers (ICLs) with lasing wavelengths in the 3 to 4 μm wavelength region. This advanced waveguide configuration for ICLs can have improved thermal dissipation and enhanced optical confinement. Although the grown ICL wafers had significant layer thickness deviations from the designed values, devices made from them exhibited room temperature (RT) threshold current densities as low as 148 A∕cm 2 and high voltage efficiencies (e.g., 69%), implying a considerable potential of the advanced waveguide configuration for further improved device performance. A comparative study among the devices revealed how the structural variations could affect the carrier transport and threshold voltage, providing useful guidance for future research. Additionally, the ICLs tested here had characteristic temperatures of nearly 60 K, which are the highest among RT ICLs with similar lasing wavelengths, supporting the further development of the advanced waveguide in GaSb-based ICLs operating in this wavelength range.

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Interband Cascade Laser Arrays for Simultaneous and Selective Analysis of C1–C5 Hydrocarbons in Petrochemical Industry

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Sparse wavelengths data in mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Modelling approaches and channel sampling

Sparse wavelengths data in mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Modelling approaches and channel sampling

An Interactive Spectral Analysis Tool for Chemical Identification and Quantification of Gas-Phase Species in Complex Spectra

Interband cascade lasers with advanced waveguides operating in the 3 to 4 μm wavelength region

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