Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Gao, Jichao; Tian, Shengfeng; Qi, Li; Wang, Hongyu

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.152

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This AC/graphite capacitor was tested to show that the electrolyte composition and weight ratio of AC to graphite had a profound influence on the performance of the capacitor. Further investigations confirmed the effect of other factors, [97][98][99][100][101][102][103] including the type of salts, 98,99 solvents, [100][101][102] and weight ratios of AC/graphite, 103 on the performance of this asymmetric AC/graphite capacitor. Specially, it was noticed that EC had an extraordinarily retardant tendency towards anions (e.g.…”

Section: Supercapacitorssupporting

confidence: 49%

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Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Xia

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

234

116

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Journal NameThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xxJ. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1 Electrolyte is a key component of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and its properties greatly affect the energy capacity, rate performance, cyclability and safety of all EES devices. This article offers a critical review of recent progresses and challenges in electrolyte research and development particularly for supercapacitors and supercapatteries, recharegable batteries (such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries), and redox flow batteries (including fuel cells in a broad sense). The review will focus on liquid electrolytes, particularly aqueous and organic electrolytes, ionic liquids and molten salts. Influences of electrolyte properties on the performances of different EES devices are discussed in detail.

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Section: Supercapacitorssupporting

confidence: 49%

“…7). [100][101][102] It should be mentioned that the investigated LICs with an AC negatrode had a medium operating voltage in the range of 2.5-3.5 V, and their energy capacity is rather limited.…”

Section: Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Xia

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

234

116

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“…The intercalation mechanism of BF 4 À anions into graphite cathode involved solvation states in these solvent-based electrolytes. [48] Gao et al [46] studied the intercalation manners of ClO 4 À anions into graphite cathode from different organic electrolytes. It was suggested that the intercalation behavior of ClO 4 À anions was strongly reliable on the solvent in the electrolyte.…”

Section: Dependence Of Intercalation Kinetics On Types Of Anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies towards Low‐Cost Dual‐Ion Batteries with High Performance

et al. 2019

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Rocking‐chair based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have extensively applied to consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) for solving the present worldwide issues of fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental pollution. However, due to the growing unprecedented demand of LIBs for commercialization in EVs and grid‐scale energy storage stations, and a shortage of lithium and cobalt, the increasing cost gives impetus to exploit low‐cost rechargeable battery systems. Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), in which both cations and anions are involved in the electrochemical redox reaction, are one of the most promising candidates to meet the low‐cost requirements of commercial applications, because of their high working voltage, excellent safety, and environmental friendliness compared to conventional rocking‐chair based LIBs. However, DIB technologies are only at the stage of fundamental research and considerable effort is required to improve the energy density and cycle life further. We review the development history and current situation, and discuss the reaction kinetics involved in DIBs, including various anionic intercalation mechanism of cathodes, and the reactions at the anodes including intercalation and alloying to explore promising strategies towards low‐cost DIBs with high performance.

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“…[110][111][112][113][114][115] For instance, it has been shown that electrochemical intercalation of PF 6 − anions into graphite from ethylene carbonate (EC) solvent is rather difficult leading to very small charge storage capacity of ≈7 mAh g −1 . The detailed analysis of the structural properties of the graphite in relation to its electrochemical performance will be discussed in the next section.…”

Section: Graphite Materials Playgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Batteries with Graphite as a Cathode: Key Challenges and Opportunities

Kravchyk

Kovalenko

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

132

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friendliness. Additionally, there are numerous additional electrochemical battery performance characteristics that play an equally important role such as longterm cycling performance (cycle life), calendar life, Coulombic efficiency (measure for charge loss due to irreversible side reactions), energy efficiency, and the performance at different charge/discharge rates or at different temperatures. From this perspective, researchers constantly explore new anode and cathode materials for existing battery technologies as well as conceive new electrochemical energy storage concepts. In this context, the last two decades have seen a surge of reports on various low-cost anodes and cathodes for Li-ion and post-Li-ion batteries (Na-, K-, Ca-, Mg-, and Al-ion batteries). Moreover, new electrochemical concepts called graphite dual-ion batteries (GDIBs) have recently attracted significant attention. GDIBs show high potential for the use in grid-scale energy storage applications due to their low cost, relatively high energy densities of up to ≈200 Wh kg −1 and cyclic stability (thousands of cycles and potentially more). In this review, we provide an introduction to the basics of GDIBs. In particular, we discuss their operating mechanisms and cover the topic of energy density calculations. In addition, we highlight the importance of correct reporting of the performance metrics with respect to the energy density of GDIBs. Next, we discuss in detail factors governing the electrochemical performance of graphite cathodes in dual-ion batteries, such as graphite structure, morphology, and particle size. The factors that impact the voltage of electrochemical anion intercalation/deintercalation into graphite will be described as well. With respect to the practical application of the GDIBs, the current collector issues and volume changes of GDIBs will be discussed in the final sections. Historical AspectsAlthough GDIBs may appear to be newcomers in battery research, they have a long and tangible history. The concept of GDIBs was introduced in the patents of McCullough et al. [1,2] in 1989. The experimental example consisted of two graphite electrodes acting as an anode and a cathode, and a 15 wt% solution of LiClO 4 in propylene carbonate acting as an electrolyte. The oxidation and reduction of cathodic and anodic graphite electrodes occur with concomitant intercalation of Li + cations and ClO 4 − anions, respectively. The latter process is known as the formation of donor-type (cationic) or acceptor-type (anionic) graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). Some years later, in the 1990s, the intercalation of various anions into graphite Rechargeable graphite dual-ion batteries (GDIBs) have attracted the attention of electrochemists and material scientists in recent years due to their low cost and high-performance metrics, such as high power density (≈3-175 kW kg −1 ), energy efficiency (≈80-90%), long cycling life, and high energy density (up to 200 Wh kg −1 ), suited for grid-level stationary storage of electricity.The key feature of GD...

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Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Strategies towards Low‐Cost Dual‐Ion Batteries with High Performance

Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Batteries with Graphite as a Cathode: Key Challenges and Opportunities

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