Intercalation of copper underneath a monolayer of graphite on Ni(111)

Dedkov, Yuriy; Shikin, A. M.; Adamchuk, V. K.; Молодцов, С. Л.; Laubschat, C.; Bauer, Andreas; Kaindl, G.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.64.035405

Cited by 163 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2(a): a much larger separation between π and π * at the K point is observed. We attribute this to the intercalation of potassium atoms into the graphene/Au interface, consistent with the behavior of other metals (Au, Ag, Fe, Cu...) that readily intercalate in between the interface of graphene and the Ni substrate 7,19,27,28 . The intercalation at RT is also consistent with the reported 100 K temperature limit above which potassium ions on a graphene sheet become mobile 29 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Direct observation of a dispersionless impurity band in hydrogenated graphene

et al. 2011

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We show with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that a new energy band appears in the electronic structure of electron doped hydrogenated monolayer graphene (H-graphene). Its occupation can be controlled with the hydrogen amount and allows for tuning of graphene's doping level. Our calculations of the electronic structure of H-graphene suggest that this state is largely composed from hydrogen 1s orbitals and remains extended for low H coverages despite the random chemisorption of H. Further evidence for the existence of a hydrogen state is provided by X-ray absorption studies of undoped H-graphene which are clearly showing the emergence of an additional state in the vicinity of the π * -resonance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Direct observation of a dispersionless impurity band in hydrogenated graphene

et al. 2011

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“…Such complex interfaces are of particular interest in connection with experiments on intercalation of metals through graphene. For example, nickel/graphene systems, with additional intercalated metal layers, have been studied using high resolution electron loss spectroscopy [36][37][38][39][40][41] ; the changes in the phonon spectra of graphene/metal systems were cor-related with the modification of metal-graphene interactions by the intercalated layers. Recently it was shown that by introducing a single Au layer between strongly interacting graphene and Ni(111) substrate, a decoupling of Ni and graphene was achieved, as evidenced by the observation of the electronic structure close to that of free-standing graphene 34,35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic and electronic structure of simple metal/graphene and complex metal/graphene/metal interfaces

et al. 2012

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Atomic and electronic structure of simple metal/graphene and complex metal/graphene/metal interfaces Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of simple interfaces (graphene on top of metallic substrate) and complex interfaces (a single metallic adlayer on a simple graphene/metal system, either on top or between the graphene and metallic substrate) have been studied using density functional theory. Two types of simple interfaces with strong (Ni/graphene) and weak (Cu/graphene) bonding were considered. In addition to binding energies and interface distances, which are used to quantify the strength of graphene-substrate interactions, the bonding in simple and complex interfaces was analyzed using charge density distributions and bond orders. Substantial enhancement of metallic substrate/graphene binding was observed in complex interfaces, consisting of Ni monolayer on top of simple {Ni or Cu}/graphene interface. The increase of substate-graphene bonding in such complex interfaces is accompanied by weakening in-plane C-C bonds in graphene, as quantified by the bond orders. A weak ferrimagnetism in graphene, i.e. unequal magnetic moments -0.04 µ B and +0.06 µ B on C atoms, is induced by a ferromagnetic Ni substrate. The strength of graphene-substrate interactions is also reflected in simulated STM images.

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“…The spectacular effects arise from graphene's unique electronic structure. Although it has a zero band gap and a vanishing density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy, graphene exhibits metallic behavior due to topological singularities at the K points in the Brillouin zone [3,4] where the conduction and valence bands touch in conical (Dirac) points and the dispersion is essentially linear within 1 eV of the Fermi energy.In a freestanding graphene layer the Fermi energy coincides with the conical points but adsorption on metallic (or insulating) substrates can alter its electronic properties significantly [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Since electronic transport measurements through a graphene sheet require contacts to metal electrodes [2,12,16,17], it is essential to have a full understanding of the physics of metal-graphene interfaces.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In a freestanding graphene layer the Fermi energy coincides with the conical points but adsorption on metallic (or insulating) substrates can alter its electronic properties significantly [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Since electronic transport measurements through a graphene sheet require contacts to metal electrodes [2,12,16,17], it is essential to have a full understanding of the physics of metal-graphene interfaces.…”

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confidence: 99%

Doping Graphene with Metal Contacts

et al. 2008

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Making devices with graphene necessarily involves making contacts with metals. We use density functional theory to study how graphene is doped by adsorption on metal substrates and find that weak bonding on Al, Ag, Cu, Au, and Pt, while preserving its unique electronic structure, can still shift the Fermi level with respect to the conical point by 0:5 eV. At equilibrium separations, the crossover from p-type to n-type doping occurs for a metal work function of 5:4 eV, a value much larger than the graphene work function of 4.5 eV. The numerical results for the Fermi level shift in graphene are described very well by a simple analytical model which characterizes the metal solely in terms of its work function, greatly extending their applicability. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.026803 PACS numbers: 73.63.ÿb, 73.20.Hb, 73.40.Ns, 81.05.Uw Recent progress in depositing a single graphene sheet on an insulating substrate by micromechanical cleavage enables electron transport experiments on this twodimensional system [1,2]. Such experiments demonstrate an exceptionally high electron mobility in graphene, quantization of the conductivity, and a zero-energy anomaly in the quantum Hall effect, in agreement with theoretical predictions [3][4][5][6][7]. The spectacular effects arise from graphene's unique electronic structure. Although it has a zero band gap and a vanishing density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy, graphene exhibits metallic behavior due to topological singularities at the K points in the Brillouin zone [3,4] where the conduction and valence bands touch in conical (Dirac) points and the dispersion is essentially linear within 1 eV of the Fermi energy.In a freestanding graphene layer the Fermi energy coincides with the conical points but adsorption on metallic (or insulating) substrates can alter its electronic properties significantly [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Since electronic transport measurements through a graphene sheet require contacts to metal electrodes [2,12,16,17], it is essential to have a full understanding of the physics of metal-graphene interfaces. In this Letter we use first-principles calculations at the level of density functional theory (DFT) to study the adsorption of graphene on a series of metal substrates. The (111) surfaces of Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au, covering a wide range of work functions and chemical bonding, form a suitable system for a systematic study.Our results show that these substrates can be divided into two classes. The characteristic electronic structure of graphene is significantly altered by chemisorption on Co, Ni, and Pd but is preserved by weak adsorption on Al, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt. Even when the bonding is weak, however, the metal substrates cause the Fermi level to move away from the conical points in graphene, resulting in doping with either electrons or holes. The sign and amount of doping can be deduced from the difference of the metal and graphene work functions only when they are so far apart that there is no wave function overlap. At the e...

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Intercalation of copper underneath a monolayer of graphite on Ni(111)

Cited by 163 publications

References 18 publications

Direct observation of a dispersionless impurity band in hydrogenated graphene

Direct observation of a dispersionless impurity band in hydrogenated graphene

Atomic and electronic structure of simple metal/graphene and complex metal/graphene/metal interfaces

Doping Graphene with Metal Contacts

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