Intercellular Communication by Extracellular Vesicles with Emphasis on the Roles of Cordocytes in the Human Brain. An Ultrastructural Study

Pais, Viorel; E, Pais

doi:10.3109/01913123.2014.981327

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It appears that EV-mediated communication is an active system that continues into adulthood. In ultrastructural studies, the presence of vesicles in the intercellular space in various brain structures is notorious, which suggests the existence of communication axes between the different cell types in the brain: neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial and epithelial cells (18,19).…”

Section: Role Of Evs In the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for the Identification of Early Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration

2020

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, EVs have the capacity to modify the physiology of neuronal circuits by transferring proteins, RNA, lipids, and metabolites. The proteomic characterization of EVs (exosomes and microvesicles) from preclinical models and patient samples has the potential to reveal new proteins and molecular networks that affect the normal physiology prior to the appearance of traditional biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Noteworthy, many of the genetic risks associated to the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease affect the crosstalk between mitochondria, endosomes, and lysosomes. Recent research has focused on determining the role of endolysosomal trafficking in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomic studies indicate an alteration of biogenesis and molecular content of EVs as a result of endolysosomal and autophagic dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the status of EV proteomic characterization and their usefulness in discovering new biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the challenges related to the failure to follow a standard isolation protocol and their implementation for a clinical setting, the analysis of EV proteomes has revealed the presence of key proteins with post-translational modifications that can be measured in peripheral fluids.

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Section: Role Of Evs In the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into the Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for the Identification of Early Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration

2020

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“…Apopotic bodies are among the largest type of EV and also originate from the budding of the plasma membrane [ 1 ]. EVs were once thought to function as cellular garbage disposals [ 2 ], but it is now accepted that EVs play an important role in cellular communication [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], intracellular signaling [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], and cellular differentiation [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In addition, EVs are used in multiple applications [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Associated Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy

Alli

2023

Biology

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by all cell types and are found in biological fluids including plasma and urine. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a mixed population of EVs that comprise small EVs that are filtered and excreted, EVs secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and EVs released from the bladder, urethra, and prostate. The packaged cargo within uEVs includes bioactive molecules such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These molecules are involved in intercellular communication, elicit changes in intracellular signaling pathways, and play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including diabetes-associated hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. uEVs represent a rich source of biomarkers, prognosis markers, and can be loaded with small-molecule drugs as a vehicle for delivery.

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Exosomes in human atherosclerosis: An ultrastructural analysis study

Perrotta

Aquila

2016

Ultrastructural Pathology

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Cell-to-cell communication, or signaling, is absolutely essential in orchestrating the activities of cells in multicellular organisms, to grow, develop, detect environmental changes and compensate for them in an internal, coordinated fashion. In the last few years, a considerable amount of new data have demonstrated the occurrence of a sophisticated intercellular signaling pathway based on the release of specialized vesicular structures, called exosomes, whose secretion appears to be regulated by various natural and experimental stimuli, physiological states, and disease processes. In the cardiovascular system, the study of exosomes is still in its infancy. Here, we aim to provide the first ultrastructural evidence for the presence of exosomes in human atherosclerotic plaque. We demonstrate by means of transmission electron microscopy that both lesional smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells are able to generate these membraneous microvesicles within specific compartments of the cell, called multivesicular bodies. Notably, in our series no signs of apoptosis have been detected in vascular cells secreting exosomes and no evidence of calcification has been observed associated with these structures in the extracellular space. Our results suggest the possible existence of a new mechanism of intercellular communication in the plaque milieu.

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Intercellular Communication by Extracellular Vesicles with Emphasis on the Roles of Cordocytes in the Human Brain. An Ultrastructural Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Insights Into the Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for the Identification of Early Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration

Insights Into the Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for the Identification of Early Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration

Extracellular Vesicles: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Diabetes-Associated Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy

Exosomes in human atherosclerosis: An ultrastructural analysis study

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