Interceptions of Nonindigenous Plant Pests at US Ports of Entry and Border Crossings Over a 17-year Period

McCullough, Deborah G.; Work, Timothy T.; Cavey, Joseph F.; Liebhold, Andrew M.; Marshall, David

doi:10.1007/s10530-005-1798-4

Cited by 280 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Os dados obtidos permitem distinguir um conjunto de importações de espécies com baixa incidência de interceptações de pragas (milho, algodão, arroz e trigo) e outro de espécies com alto percentual de interceptações (oliveira, lírio, maçã e videira) (Tabela 2). Plantas ornamentais, mudas para viveiros, frutos e flores de corte são vias principais para introdução de pragas como insetos, ácaros, fungos e bactérias (McCullough et al, 2006;Eschen et al, 2015), e esse fato é confirmado pelo conjunto de interceptações na EQGV. Por outro lado, não foi detectada nenhuma praga quarentenária ou ausente não regulamentada em café (Coffea arabica) (21 importações de nove países) e citros (Citrus spp.)…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Interceptações de pragas quarentenárias e ausentes não regulamentadas em material vegetal importado

Lopes-da-Silva

Benito

Sanches

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as informações qualitativas e quantitativas sobre as interceptações de pragas ausentes não regulamentadas e quarentenárias em material vegetal importado. As informações sobre interceptações de pragas pelo serviço de quarentena vegetal da Embrapa, no período de 1977 a 2013, foram obtidas em um banco de dados, atas laboratoriais e listas de interceptação publicadas. As interceptações foram analisadas de acordo com regulamentação das pragas, espécie vegetal, parte vegetal importada e origem. O material foi categorizado em sementes botânicas e material de propagação vegetativa. No período do levantamento, foram interceptadas 75 espécies de pragas em 114 eventos de interceptação. Fungos, vírus e ácaros constituem a maior parte das interceptações, e a maioria delas ocorreu em lírio, oliveira, trigo, uva, arroz, batata e maçã. A taxa média anual de infestação/infecção do material vegetal analisado é de 2% dos processos de importação. O material para propagação vegetativa apresentou maior taxa de infestação/infecção por pragas do que as sementes botânicas. Das espécies-pragas interceptadas, 63% não são regulamentadas como quarentenárias para o Brasil. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade premente de revisão da atual lista de pragas quarentenárias do País.Termos para indexação: defesa fitossanitária, intercâmbio de germoplasma, patologia de sementes, quarentena de pós-entrada, sanidade de material de propagação vegetativa, sanidade vegetal. Interceptions of quarantine and absent non-regulated pests in imported plant materialAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative information on interceptions of quarantine and absent non-regulated pests in imported plant material. Information concerning pest interceptions by Embrapa's plant quarantine service during the period of 1977-2013 was obtained from a database, laboratory reports, and published lists of intercepted pests. Data interceptions were evaluated according to pest regulations, plant species, imported plant parts, and origin of importation. The plant material was categorized as botanical seeds and plant material for vegetative propagation. In the survey period, 75 pest species were intercepted in 114 interception events. Fungi, viruses, and mites were the most intercepted ones, and most interceptions occurred in lily, olive, wheat, grapes, rice, potato, and apple. The average annual rate of infestation/infection of the evaluated plant material was 2% of the import processes. The material for vegetative propagation had a higher rate of infestation/infection with pests than botanical seeds. Of the intercepted pests species, 63% are not regulated as quarantine pests for Brazil. These results indicate the urgent need to review the current list of quarantine pests in the country.Index terms: plant protection, germplasm exchange, seed pathology, post-entry quarantine, sanity of plant material for vegetative propagation, plant health. IntroduçãoO intercâmbio de material vegetal entre os país...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Interceptações de pragas quarentenárias e ausentes não regulamentadas em material vegetal importado

Lopes-da-Silva

Benito

Sanches

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…This approach requires substantial informational resources, assessment time (ranging from hours to days) by expert pest identifiers, and heavy reliance on the capacity of import inspectors. Studies have revealed that Federal inspection agencies are lacking in some key human and informational capacities (GAO 2006a, b;Reaser and Waugh 2007) and the brisk pace of new invasions indicates that this system is insufficient to meet national needs (Levine and D'Antonio 2003;McCullough et al 2006).…”

Section: A Call For Improved Prevention Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saving camels from straws: how propagule pressure-based prevention policies can reduce the risk of biological invasion

Reaser¹,

Meyerson

Holle

2007

Biol Invasions

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Nonnative species that harm or have the potential to cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health are known as invasive species. Propagule pressure may be the most important factor in establishment success of nonnative species of various taxa in a variety of ecosystems worldwide, and strong evidence is emerging that propagule pressure determines both the scale of invasion extent and impact. In a limited way, the US government is applying a ''propagule pressure approach'' in a variety of prevention policy contexts aimed at minimizing the impact of harmful organisms. However, there are also readily apparent opportunities for enacting propagule pressure-based measures to fill current gaps in invasive species prevention and control at national, state, and local levels. An explicit focus on propagule pressure-based policies could substantially increase the effectiveness of US efforts to prevent the introduction of invasive species through by intentional and unintentional introductions.

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“…69% in footwear soil (McNeill et al 2011). McCullough et al (2006) recorded a lower diversity of organisms from soil on cargo arriving by sea and air than from soil in luggage, and a recent study (McNeill et al unpublished) recorded generally lower incidences and counts of organisms/g of soil from sea containers compared to air passengers' footwear (McNeill et al 2011). Marshall and Varney (2000) suggested that soil organisms transported on the external surfaces of sea containers might suffer high mortality rates due to exposure to solar radiation and sea water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota

McNeill¹,

Phillips²,

Robinson³

et al. 2017

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Soil frequently occurs as a contaminant on numerous sea, land and air transport pathways. It can carry unwanted invasive species, is widely recognized as a biosecurity risk, and is usually strictly regulated by biosecurity authorities. However, little is known about relative risk levels between pathways, thus authorities have limited capability to identify and target the riskiest soil pathways for management. We conducted a an experiment to test the hypotheses that biosecurity risks from soil organisms will increase both with declining transport duration and with increasing protection from environmental extremes. Soil was collected from two sites, a native forest remnant and an orchard, and stored on, in and under sea containers, or in cupboards, and assayed after 0, 3, 6 and 12 months for bacteria, fungi, nematodes and seeds.Results showed that viability of Pseudomonas spp., bacteria, nematodes and plants declined over 12 months, irrespective of soil source. Also, mortality of most biota was higher when exposed to sunlight, moisture and desiccation than when protected. However, bacterial and fungal numbers were higher in exposed environments, possibly due to ongoing colonization of exposed soil by airborne propagules. The results were consistent with our observations of organisms in soil intercepted from airports and sea ports, and indicated there is potential to rank risks from transported soils based partly on transport duration and environmental exposure. This would help authorities to optimally allocate management resources according to pathway-specific risks. McNeill et al. / NeoBiota 32: 65-88 (2017) 66 Copyright

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Interceptions of Nonindigenous Plant Pests at US Ports of Entry and Border Crossings Over a 17-year Period

Cited by 280 publications

References 25 publications

Interceptações de pragas quarentenárias e ausentes não regulamentadas em material vegetal importado

Interceptações de pragas quarentenárias e ausentes não regulamentadas em material vegetal importado

Saving camels from straws: how propagule pressure-based prevention policies can reduce the risk of biological invasion

Defining the biosecurity risk posed by transported soil: Effects of storage time and environmental exposure on survival of soil biota

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