Intercorrelations of lipoprotein subfractions and their covariation with lifestyle factors in healthy men

Abstract

So far, little is known about the effect of nutrition and lifestyle on the composition of circulating lipoprotein subfractions. In the current study, we measured the correlations among physical activity, nutrient intake, smoking, body-mass index (BMI), and age with the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (ApoA1, ApoA2 and ApoB) in subfractions of LDL and HDL in 265 healthy working men. Concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoB in small, dense atherogenic LDL particles (sdLDL) correlated negatively (p<0.001) with those of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoA1 in HDL2, respectively. Age correlated positively with sdLDL while increasing BMI correlated with an atherogenic shift of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoB from large, buoyant LDL (lbLDL) to sdLDL and decreasing concentrations of HDL2 constituents. Physical activity and alcohol intake correlated negatively with sdLDL constituents and positively with HDL2 components. Consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) correlated with a lower ratio of sdLDL to HDL2 cholesterol. A favorable lipoprotein subfraction profile linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in men was associated with physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and dietary intake of MUFA, which might be exploited in future interventions for prevention of age- and BMI-associated atherogenic shifts of lipoprotein subfractions.

Statins and almonds to lower lipoproteins (the STALL Study)

“…This is an unexpected finding because several studies, including a recent study by Parlesak et al, demonstrated decreased small, dense LDL-C levels with increased MUFA consumption. 29 Our subjects in the almond group consumed significantly more MUFA compared with the non-almond group (Table 4). However, a study by Lamarche et al 30 demonstrated that a diet including plant sterols, viscous fiber, soybean protein, and almonds did not significantly affect LDL-C particle size, but suggested a shift from large LDL-C particles to smaller LDL-C particles.…”

Effects of Dark Chocolate and Almonds on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled‐Feeding Trial

“…In the present study, the CHOC+ALD provided an additional 273.8 mg of flavonoids, which may have contributed to the decrease in LDL 3+4 . Furthermore, Parlesak et al reported that consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids negatively correlated with the ratio of LDL 3+4 /HDL 2 cholesterol 34. Almonds are high in monounsaturated fatty acids, which may be responsible for the reduction in LDL 3+4 .…”

Development of a stable isotope dilution LC–MS assay for the quantitation of multiple polyethylene glycol (PEG) homologues to be used in permeability studies

“…With this extension a decrease of permeability with increasing MW as well as differences in permeability of high MW PEG between healthy persons and patients with IDB, e.g. Crohn´s disease, were observed [3]. Whereas PEG 400 is readily volatile after derivatization and can be analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to flame ionization detection (FID) [1], new analytical methods mostly based on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the higher PEG were developed.…”

“…To study membrane permeability, Chadwick et al [1] were the first to report data on PEG 400 as a marker and described its excretion depending on the dose. Later on, the PEG spectrum was extended to mixtures with higher MW ranging between 1000 and 10000 Da [2][3][4][5]. With this extension a decrease of permeability with increasing MW as well as differences in permeability of high MW PEG between healthy persons and patients with IDB, e.g.…”

“…Escott et al [6] circumvented this shortcoming by using low UV wavelength detection, but in practice evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) or refractive index (RI) detection are more frequently applied [2,3,5,7]. Lately, detection by mass spectroscopy (MS) found its way into PEG analysis.…”