Interdecadal modulation of El Niño–tropical North Atlantic teleconnection by the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation

Park, Jae‐Heung; Li, Tim

doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4452-4

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The maximum SST anomalies along the equator are respectively located at ;1408W and ;1208W for the AMO1/El Niño and AMO2/El Niño composites. This result is consistent with previous studies (Yu et al 2015;Hu and Fedorov 2018;Park and Li 2019), which suggested a physical linkage between North Atlantic warming and the zonal structure of El Niño SST anomalies. In their arguments, a positive AMO leads to an intensification of the Pacific subtropical high and/or stronger-than-average background trade winds in both zonal and meridional components, which in turn favors the development of more CP El Niño events in the tropical Pacific.…”

Section: Possible Modulation Mechanisms By the Amosupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The average SST anomaly magnitude of the AMO2/La Niña events is larger than that of the AMO1/La Niña case. These results are consistent with various previous studies (e.g., Dong et al 2006;Timmermann et al 2007;Kang et al 2014;Levine et al 2017;Hu and Fedorov 2018;Park and Li 2019), which argue that a positive AMO phase tends to produce weaker ENSO variability. A positive AMO is conducive to an intensified Walker circulation and enhanced trade winds in the western and central tropical Pacific.…”

Section: Possible Modulation Mechanisms By the Amosupporting

confidence: 93%

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Modulation of the Relationship between ENSO and Its Combination Mode by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

et al. 2020

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Recent studies demonstrated the existence of a conspicuous atmospheric combination mode (C-mode) originating from nonlinear interactions between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific warm pool annual cycle (AC). Here we find that the C-mode exhibits prominent decadal amplitude variations during the ENSO decaying boreal spring season. It is revealed that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) can largely explain this waxing and waning in amplitude. A robust positive correlation between ENSO and the C-mode is detected during a negative AMO phase but not during a positive phase. Similar results can also be found in the relationship of ENSO with 1) the western North Pacific (WNP) anticyclone and 2) spring precipitation over southern China, both of which are closely associated with the C-mode. We suggest that ENSO property changes due to an AMO modulation play a crucial role in determining these decadal shifts. During a positive AMO phase, ENSO events are distinctly weaker than those in an AMO negative phase. In addition, El Niño events concurrent with a positive AMO phase tend to exhibit a westward-shifted sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern. These SST characteristics during the positive AMO phase are both not conducive to the development of the meridionally asymmetric C-mode atmospheric circulation pattern and thus reduce the ENSO/C-mode correlation on decadal time scales. These observations can be realistically reproduced by a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) experiment in which North Atlantic SSTs are nudged to reproduce a 50-yr sinusoidally varying AMO evolution. Our conclusion carries important implications for understanding seasonally modulated ENSO dynamics and multiscale climate impacts over East Asia.

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Section: Possible Modulation Mechanisms By the Amosupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Possible Modulation Mechanisms By the Amosupporting

confidence: 93%

Modulation of the Relationship between ENSO and Its Combination Mode by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies have shown that the impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on sea surface temperature (SST) change in the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) with warming in boreal spring of El Niño decaying years (Alexander & Scott, ; Covey & Hastenrath, ; Curtis & Hastenrath, ; Czaja et al, ; Enfield & Mayer, ; Huang et al, ; Klein et al, ; Lee et al, ; Park & Li, ; Wu & Kirtman, ; Wu & Zhang, ; Yin & Zhou, ). The NTA SST anomalies can affect climate in the surrounding and remote regions (Kushnir et al, ; Uvo et al, ; Wu et al, ; Wu & Zhang, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northern Tropical Atlantic Warming in El Niño Decaying Spring: Impacts of El Niño Amplitude

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The decay time of El Niño events is considered to be an important factor in determining whether or not the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) warming occurs in boreal spring of El Niño decaying years. Through coupled model experiments with different types of sea surface temperature anomalies specified in the tropical Pacific domain, the present study illustrates that the NTA warming is larger and more persistent during slow than fast decaying El Niño events. The amplitude of El Niño events is shown to be another important factor in the difference of the spring NTA warming between slow and fast decaying El Niño events. The NTA warming difference is mainly attributed to the wind speed-related latent heat flux difference in preceding winter according to the model simulations and the observations. The differences of NTA wind and SST variations between slow and fast decay El Niño simulations are mostly consistent with the observations. Plain Language Summary Previous studies have shown that the northern tropical AtlanticOcean is warmer in boreal spring of slow decaying El Niño events, but not following El Niño events that end before March. The difference suggests a critical effect of the El Niño decay time. The observed El Niño events show differences not only in the decay time but also in the amplitude of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. The present study shows that the difference in the El Niño amplitude is comparably important as the difference in the El Niño decay time in leading to warmer northern tropical Atlantic Ocean in spring. The El Niño amplitude affects the intensity of wind anomalies over the North Atlantic Ocean and thus the magnitude of surface wind speed and latent heat flux anomalies in the northern tropical Atlantic region during boreal winter. The latent heat flux difference in turn leads to the spring sea surface temperature difference in the northern tropical Atlantic region. The present results based on model simulations are mostly consistent with the observations regarding the differences of wind and SST variations in the northern tropical Atlantic region between slow and fast decay El Niño events.

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“…Several studies have shown that the AMO modulates the ENSO variability (Dong and Sutton, ; Dong et al ., ; Timmermann et al ., ; Kayano and Capistrano, ; Park and Li, ). Dong et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Several studies have shown that the AMO modulates the ENSO variability (Dong and Sutton, 2002;Dong et al, 2006;Timmermann et al, 2007;Kayano and Capistrano, 2014;Park and Li, 2019). Dong et al (2006) suggested that the AMO modulates both the mean climate and climate variability in the tropical Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation precondition in the teleconnection of different El Niño‐Southern Oscillation types and impacts on the 15°N–15°S South American sector precipitation

Figliuolo

Andreoli

Kayano

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) types and their impacts on the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) SST variability and 15°N–15°S South American precipitation during the warm and cold phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (WAMO and CAMO) were evaluated during the 1901–2012 period. The results show more frequent ENSO events during the CAMO. The El Niño (EN) (La Niña [LN]) events, regardless of type (EP or CP), during the WAMO (CAMO) were accompanied by a warming (cooling) in the TNA after its mature phases. In these cases, extratropical teleconnection patterns are established through variations in the Pacific/North America (PNA) teleconnection pattern and are accompanied by variations in the Walker circulation. For the EN (LN) in the CAMO (WAMO), the tropical teleconnections occur predominant, through the Walker cell and the zonal inter‐basin gradient, which is intensified due to the SST gradient between the eastern equatorial Pacific (non‐neutral anomalies) and the equatorial Atlantic (neutral anomalies). These circulation pattern changes affect the precipitation patterns in the 15°N–15°S South American sector during December–January–February (D(0)JF(+1)) and March–April–May (MAM(+1)). The EP EN (EPEN) events are associated with the intensification of the negative precipitation anomalies in northeastern Brazil (NEB) during the WAMO and in the central part of the Amazon during the CAMO. In the case of CP EN (CPEN) events, the greatest differences between the AMO phases occur during MAM(+1), with reverse sign anomalies over northwestern South America. In the case of LN events, the largest differences occur in NEB, with reduced rainfall in the WAMO, regardless of type EP or CP. The results presented here highlight the role of low frequency oscillations in defining the teleconnection patterns between tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, not discussed previously.

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Interdecadal modulation of El Niño–tropical North Atlantic teleconnection by the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation

Cited by 67 publications

References 59 publications

Modulation of the Relationship between ENSO and Its Combination Mode by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

Modulation of the Relationship between ENSO and Its Combination Mode by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation

Northern Tropical Atlantic Warming in El Niño Decaying Spring: Impacts of El Niño Amplitude

The role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation precondition in the teleconnection of different El Niño‐Southern Oscillation types and impacts on the 15°N–15°S South American sector precipitation

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