Interdigitated microelectrode biosensor for bacterial biofilm growth monitoring by impedance spectroscopy technique in 96-well microtiter plates

Simultaneous monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus growth in a multi-parametric microfluidic platform using microscopy and impedance spectroscopy

“…Monitoring biofilm formation combining label-free biosensors and impedance spectroscopy measurements on the surface of electrodes is an alternative approach that has gained increasing interest, previously described using IDuEs [47,48] which combine both impedimetric and amperometric measurements [49]. In particular, much of the existing studies are based on two-or three-electrode measurements [50,51,[52][53][54] because of their simplicity and ability to detect and track the biofilm formation by the changes occurring at the surface electrode.…”

Impedimetric method to monitor biological layer formation on central venous catheters for hemodialysis made of carbothane

“…However, numerous scientists [19], [22]- [25] used bacterial cultures (neglecting the influence of the proteins) for providing a characterization of biofilm growth, e.g. Paredes et al used S. epidermidis [19], [22] and S. aureus [23], Ben-Yoav et al used E. coli [24], and Taeyoung et al used Pseudomonas aeruginosa [25]. Examinations of the deposition and the growth of biofilm were recorded for frequencies range from 0.01 Hz to 400 kHz with an AC amplitude of 10 to 100 mV [19], [22]- [25].…”

“…Examinations of the deposition and the growth of biofilm were recorded for frequencies range from 0.01 Hz to 400 kHz with an AC amplitude of 10 to 100 mV [19], [22]- [25]. In most of the studies a standard three-electrode configuration [24], [25] or a label-free interdigitated electrode (IDAM) biosensor were used [19], [22], [23]. The aim of this research was to develop an impedimetric method to monitor the initial conditioning layer formed on the inner surface of a hemodialysis catheter made of carbothane.…”

Impedance Sensors Made in PCB and LTCC Technologies for Monitoring Growth and Degradation of Pseudomonal Biofilm

“…The usage of impedance sensors providing possibilities of non-invasive, label-free and real-time measurements is promising in the above mentioned clinical situations. Using the sensors combined with the impedance spectroscopy method for detecting attachment of microbial cells and biofilm formation has been already reported by other authors who tested the impedance potential using such nosocomial strains as Escherichia coli [6−9], Staphylococcus aureus [7,10,11], Staphylococcus epidermis [11,12], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [5, 13−15], Bacillus subtilis [13] and Salmonella typhimurium [9,16].…”

“…The impedance micro-sensors with interdigitated electrodes were used for this purpose by some researchers [9,11,12,17] because of their advantages: a small size enabling to perform small-scale experiments using very small samples, fast establishment of a steady-state signal, a low ohmic drop of potential, an increased signal-to-noise ratio and − last but not least − higher sensitivity comparing with conventional-size macro-electrodes.…”