“…By means of these mechanisms, toughening would be performed due to alternative crack propagation routes via introducing tough constituent materials in the form of massive ductile particles in DRAs or as a type of ductile layer in DRA laminates (Cepeda-Jiménez et al., 2008; Irfan and Prakash, 2000; Pandey et al., 1999; Price et al., 2011; Xu et al., 1998). Lamination of DRAs using tough layers exhibits significant damage tolerance while the toughness of laminate is known to be affected by test orientation, thickness of layers, and interfacial adhesion (Cepeda-Jiménez et al., 2009a; Hassan and Lewandowski, 2009; Osman et al., 2008; Pandey et al., 2001; Tai et al., 1996; Yost Ellis and Lewandowski, 1994). Hassan and Lewandowski (2009) investigated the fracture resistance of co-extruded laminates comprised of nanocomposite core surrounded by monolithic pure aluminum tube in crack arrester, as well as, crack divider orientations.…”