Interface Layers Detection in Oil Field Tanks: A Critical Review

Meribout, Mahmoud; Naamany, Ahmed Al; Busaidi, Khamis

doi:10.5772/17166

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A variety of concepts have been applied for liquid level sensing and different fluid interfaces and they can be divided into two types; touch sensing and noncontact sensing. The contact sensing techniques include mechanical float, capacitive‐based, optical‐fiber‐based, vibrating‐switches‐based, pressure‐based, conductive‐based, and thermal‐based methods 1‐5 . Sensors using direct contact sensing techniques lead to contamination of both the sample and the detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensing of liquid level and of different fluid interfaces is important and in high demand in factory automation, industrial processes, medical equipment, medical diagnostics, oil products, oil sands treatment, and industrial chemistry. [1][2][3][4][5] A variety of concepts have been applied for liquid level sensing and different fluid interfaces and they can be divided into two types; touch sensing and noncontact sensing. The contact sensing techniques include mechanical float, capacitive-based, optical-fiber-based, vibratingswitches-based, pressure-based, conductive-based, and thermal-based methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noncontact planar microwave sensor for liquid interface detection by a pixelated CSRR ‐loaded microstrip line

Srisai

Harnsoongnoen

2021

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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A pixelated complementary split‐ring resonator (PCSRR)‐loaded microstrip line is proposed for the detection of different liquid interfaces and its potential applications are described. The proposed sensor operation is based on the magnitude measurement, the transmission coefficient (S21) and resonance frequency (Fr) that depend on the electrical properties of the liquid. The PCSRR was designed to allow electromagnetic waves to interact with different layers of liquid inside a container. The sensor device and experiment system were fabricated and evaluated and water‐vegetable oil‐alcohol interfaces were measured. The sensors were capable of detecting noncontact liquid interfaces and have potential applications in the chemical, oil, and medical industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact planar microwave sensor for liquid interface detection by a pixelated CSRR ‐loaded microstrip line

Srisai

Harnsoongnoen

2021

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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“…In order that the flow and level to be properly controlled, it is necessary to use appropriate sensing systems, so that the levels reading of different phases within the separators is accurately monitored. There are different sensing technologies for multiphase level monitoring, based, for instance, on ultrasound, ionizing radiation and electrical impedance [1][2][3][4]. However, none can be seen as general and each solution presents some disadvantage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Electrode Capacitive and Inductive Sensing Applied to Level Measurement of Multiphase Fluids

Säuberlich

Wrasse

Santos

et al. 2019

The 6th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications

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Multiphase gravity separators are widely used in the petroleum industry to separate the produced stream of oil, water and natural gas into pure (single-phase) streams. These equipment work based on the density differences of each fluid which tend to settle into layers when dwelled for some time in the separator. It is fundamental to monitor the levels of these phases inside the vessel, so that this information can be used in control strategies in order to increase the efficiency and safety of the process. In this work, we present a novel multiphase level sensor based on capacitance and inductance measurements of planar multi-electrodes and multi-coils. The sensor is low-cost, fast and does not apply ionizing radiation, being therefore simple to operate. The prototype sensor was constructed in standard printed-circuit board (PCB) technology and highly sensitive capacitance and inductance measurements are acquired with modern integrated circuit devices. Since the capacitive sensor readings depend on the water salinity, we perform simultaneous inductance measurements to compensate for such dependence. We have tested the prototype from two different approaches: varying the water salinity and for different water/oil mixtures. Preliminary results have shown the capability of the sensor to differentiate each one of the produced fluids, i.e., salty water, oil and gas, as well as the interfaces between them. A 16 electrodes capacitive-only sensor prototype was also built and tested.

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“…These methods are based on acoustics [ 8 ], microwave reflection [ 1 ], reflectometry [ 9 , 10 ], electrode arrays [ 11 ], magnetic floats [ 12 ], pressure sensors [ 13 , 14 ], and capacitance sensors [ 15 ]. All these methods have advantages and disadvantages [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuous Liquid-Level Sensor for Fuel Tanks Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

Pozo

Pérez-Ocón

Rabaza

2016

Sensors

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A standard problem in large tanks at oil refineries and petrol stations is that water and fuel usually occupy the same tank. This is undesirable and causes problems such as corrosion in the tanks. Normally, the water level in tanks is unknown, with the problems that this entails. We propose herein a method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect in real time the interfaces in a tank which can simultaneously contain water, gasoline (or diesel) and air. The plasmonic sensor is composed of a hemispherical glass prism, a magnesium fluoride layer, and a gold layer. We have optimized the structural parameters of the sensor from the theoretical modeling of the reflectance curve. The sensor detects water-fuel and fuel-air interfaces and measures the level of each liquid in real time. This sensor is recommended for inflammable liquids because inside the tank there are no electrical or electronic signals which could cause explosions. The sensor proposed has a sensitivity of between 1.2 and 3.5 RIU−1 and a resolution of between 5.7 × 10−4 and 16.5 × 10−4 RIU.

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Interface Layers Detection in Oil Field Tanks: A Critical Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Noncontact planar microwave sensor for liquid interface detection by a pixelated CSRR ‐loaded microstrip line

Noncontact planar microwave sensor for liquid interface detection by a pixelated CSRR ‐loaded microstrip line

Multi-Electrode Capacitive and Inductive Sensing Applied to Level Measurement of Multiphase Fluids

A Continuous Liquid-Level Sensor for Fuel Tanks Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

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