Interfacial Chemistry in Steam-Based Thermal Recovery of Oil Sands Bitumen with Emphasis on Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage and the Role of Chemical Additives

Taylor, Spencer E.

doi:10.3390/colloids2020016

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Density‐driven convective flow is ubiquitous in natural systems, such as water infiltration into soil (Assouline, 2013), atmospheric movement (Hodges & Thorncroft, 1997) and oceanic currents (Ruddick & Gargett, 2003). Density‐driven convection has an wide application for flow in porous media, including geothermal energy production (Cheng & Minkowycz, 1977), oil separation from sand (Taylor, 2018), and carbon dioxide sequestration (Amooie et al, 2018; Mahmoodpour et al, 2019). It is well identified that when dense fluid sits above less dense fluid due to solute concentration and/or temperature, the system is easy to lose its equilibrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Effects on Flow and Salinity Distributions in Coastal Confined Aquifers

Xin

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Coastal aquifers provide an important hydrologic connection between terrestrial freshwater and oceanic seawater. Understanding the water flow and salinity distributions in those aquifers is essential to manage seawater intrusion and regional groundwater resources. For the last 50 yr, these processes have been extensively examined; however, previous studies typically assumed isothermal conditions and overlooked groundwater-seawater temperature contrasts, as commonly found along the global coastline. Here, we validated a solute and heat transport model against laboratory experiments and then revisited the classical Henry problem for coastal confined aquifers. We found that as the seawater temperature increases or freshwater temperature decreases, the freshwater-seawater interface retreats seaward and thus the freshwater storage increases. This occurs as a result of temperature-induced changes to the fluid density and aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, double diffusion of salt and heat can induce two circulation cells in opposing directions in the saltwater wedge once the seawater temperature exceeds that of groundwater by a certain extent. Consequently, the circulating seawater flux and associated travel time change dramatically compared with isotheral conditions. Overall, the effect of thermal forcing can be significant, as demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis considering a large range of groundwaterseawater temperature contrasts. These results highlight the impact of changing thermal regimes on the flow and salinity distributions in coastal confined aquifers and provide guidance for better assessment of water resources in coastal zones. Plain Language Summary Coastal zones are often densely populated with associated significant economic activity. Groundwater in coastal aquifers provides an essential freshwater resource for domestic and industrial use as well as food production. Intensive human activities and climate change cause water regime shifts and thus threaten water security in coastal areas. Coastal water resource assessments often overlook groundwater-seawater temperature contrasts, even though such contrasts are globally ubiquitous. Here, we show those assessments could be improved with thermal effects considered as temperature contrasts can markedly influence salinity distributions and water circulations in coastal aquifers. The results provide guidance for better assessment of water resources in coastal zones. Water temperature affects oceanland exchange and various biogeochemical processes, which should be considered in future studies including climate change evaluations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Effects on Flow and Salinity Distributions in Coastal Confined Aquifers

Xin

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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“…All these methods of extraction are a special type of separation process used for heatsensitive materials like essential oils, resins, hydrocarbons, etc. which are insoluble in water and may decompose at their boiling point (Taylor, 2018). The temperature of the steam must be high enough to vaporize the essential oil present, yet not destroyed or burned the essential oils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

Ameh¹,

Achika²,

Bello³

et al. 2021

jasem

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This work aimed to extract perfume from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus using three extraction methods viz: distillation, solvent extraction and expression or effleurage. About 150 g of dried lemons grass were extracted using ethanol as the solvent to obtain essential oils required for the formulation of perfumes. The result of the hydrodistillation process showed that 1.23 g of essential oil per 130g of dry lemongrass produce 0.95% oil at 78 °C, while the effleurage method was 2.55 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample thereby producing 1.96% oil yield. The solvent extraction method gave 2.7 g of essential oil per 130 g of dry lemongrass sample. This gives about 2.08 % yield of essential oil at a temperature of 78°C i.e. the boiling point of ethanol. The solvent extraction method yielded 2.08%, the effleuragemethod yielded 1.96% and the hydrodistillation method yielded 0.95% essential oil respectively. In conclusion, solvent extraction gave the highest yield because of less exposure to air and heat, which is highly recommended as the most suitable method for the extraction of essential oil.

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“…It is assumed that the water film is stabilized by electrostatic forces resulting from the formation of a double electric layer at the boundary of the phase separation of «oil -water» and «water -sand» [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Methods Of Oil Sands Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitumen Extraction Technology From Bituminous Sand Deposits

Yelchenko-Lobovska¹,

Lavryk²,

Liashenko³

et al. 2022

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Today considerable experience in the development of tar sands is accumulated. However, well-known mining technologies do not cover the entire depth range of natural bitumen deposits. In addition, there are significant energy-intensive technol 309 ogies and negative environmental impacts. In view of this, the purpose of this work is to improve the method of extracting natural bitumen in site for a deposit interval of 75-200 m and to substantiate the basic technological scheme of this method. The proposed method of extracting bitumen from poorly cemented reservoirs in the depth range of 50 – 400 m provides: creation of artificial production; the transfer of the rock into the water mixture composition under the action of high pressure jets of a heated mixture of water, a hydrocarbon solvent and a flotation agent; separation from the rock and concentration of bitumen in the production as a result of its heating, dissolution and flotation; selection of depleted bitum slurry from the production by gas lift. The proposed method of extracting bitumen is the transfer of the rock at the its occurrence site to the suspension condition on the excavation created by the hydraulic production method, separation and concentration of bitumen by dissolving it with a heated hydrocarbon solvent and a flotation agent (hydrocarbon reagents) and extraction in composition of the depleted rock slurry to the surface by the gas lift method. As the preliminary calculations show, the proposed method will allow the efficient extraction of bitumen and highly viscous oil from weakly cemented reservoirs in the depth range of 50-400 m. Also, the proposed technology creates the preconditions for the development of oil sands at a depth of 75-200 m since there is currently no effective technology for the interval. In addition, it can significantly reduce energy costs, environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Interfacial Chemistry in Steam-Based Thermal Recovery of Oil Sands Bitumen with Emphasis on Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage and the Role of Chemical Additives

Cited by 50 publications

References 137 publications

Thermal Effects on Flow and Salinity Distributions in Coastal Confined Aquifers

Thermal Effects on Flow and Salinity Distributions in Coastal Confined Aquifers

Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass)

Bitumen Extraction Technology From Bituminous Sand Deposits

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