Interfacial interaction between the epoxidized natural rubber and silica in natural rubber/silica composites

Xu, Tiwen; Jia, Zhixin; Luo, Yuanfang; Jia, Demin; Peng, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.029

Cited by 164 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, ENR is employed to improve the interaction between NR and silica and has been proved efficient. 10 As known, the chemical crosslink density represents the chemical molecular chain trapped in the matrix, while the physical crosslink density represents the entangled molecular chains of the rubber matrix. On the other hand, the chemical crosslink density can also reflect the interaction between rubber matrix and filler.…”

Section: Payne Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanism of interaction between ENR and silica. 10,12 ARTICLE WILEYONLINELIBRARY.COM/APP cavity temperature of 30 8C, and it was used to evaluate the anticompression properties of the composites.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,12 Although its application has been limited by its high cost and poor aging properties, [13][14][15] there are still reports of ENR being employed as a compatibilizer for silica-filled rubber. 10,12,16,17 The results show a substantial improvement in silica dispersion and mechanical properties, but still lower than when using Si-69. As a matter of fact, the interfacial bonding between ENR and silica was mainly achieved by long-term dry mixing under high temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The behavior of natural rubber–epoxidized natural rubber–silica composites based on wet masterbatch technique

Wang

Liao

Zhong

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural rubber-epoxidized natural rubber-silica composites were prepared by the wet masterbatch technique and the traditional dry mixing method. Performances of the composites based on different preparation methods were investigated with a moving die rheometer, an electronic universal testing machine, a dynamic mechanical analyzer, a nuclear magnetic resonance crosslink density analyzer, a rubber processing analyzer (RPA), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The RPA, SEM, and TEM analyses indicated that silica has better dispersion, lower filler-filler interaction, and better filler-rubber interaction in compounds based on the wet masterbatch technique, leading to improvements in mechanical strength and the dynamic mechanical and compression properties of the composites. It also indicates that composites prepared by the wet masterbatch technique have shorter scorch time, faster curing velocity, and higher crosslink density. The composites prepared by the wet materbatch technique also have lower rolling resistance, which is an important property for their use as a green material for the tire industry.

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Section: Payne Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The behavior of natural rubber–epoxidized natural rubber–silica composites based on wet masterbatch technique

Wang

Liao

Zhong

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…1 was the FTIR curves of ENR40/P-silica compounds that hadn't been cured. From the infrared spectrum of P-silica, 1108 cm -1 peak arises from Si-O-Si asymmetrical stretching vibration and the absorption peak at 804cm -1 is the symmetrical stretching vibration of Si-O [11] . In ENR40/P-silica compounds, 872 cm -1 and 832 cm -1 stand for the asymmetrical stretching vibration of epoxy ring.…”

Section: Advances In Intelligent Systems Research Volume 154mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and Interfacial Interaction of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/ Precipitated Silica Composites

Wang¹,

Liao²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 6th International Conference on Measurement, Instrumentation and Automation (ICMIA 2017)

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Abstract. ENR40/ precipitated silica (P-silica) compounds were prepared by in an open two-roll laboratory mixing mill at 50～60 ℃. Curing properties and mechanical properties was investigated. In order to reveal the interaction between ENR40 and P-silica, ENR40/P-silica compounds were extracted in toluene to obtain the bonding rubber content. Interfacial interaction of ENR40/P-silica was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that during mixing process, ENR and silica had hydrogen bond and chemical interaction.

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“…The epoxy group of ENR is unstable that could be utilized for the modification of ENR or being a compatilizer [3,4] in rubber composites. It is well known that SiO 2 is used widely in industry except for carbon black, usually as a reinforcement agent or a functionalized filler to impart specific properties for rubber compounds [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and stress-strain behavior of in-situ epoxidized natural rubber/SiO2 hybrid through a sol-gel method

Li¹,

Xu²,

Jia³

et al. 2018

Express Polym. Lett.

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Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is derived from the partial epoxidation of the natural rubber possessing some new properties such as good wet grip, oil resistance, excellent flexibility and low rolling resistance [1,2]. The epoxy group of ENR is unstable that could be utilized for the modification of ENR or being a compatilizer [3,4] in rubber composites. It is well known that SiO 2 is used widely in industry except for carbon black, usually as a reinforcement agent or a functionalized filler to impart specific properties for rubber compounds [5]. In our previous work, The ENR/SiO 2 hybrids prepared by an openmill mixing method had been reported, and the interfacial interaction of ENR and SiO 2 was investigated. The results indicated that the ring-opening reaction of the epoxy groups of ENR chains occurs and the covalent bonds between C-OH of ENR and Si-OH groups on the silica surfaces were formed, which can improve the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix and enhance the interfacial combination between rubber and silica. However, the hybrid obtained a good strength only with a high content of SiO 2 [6], where the elongation at break of hybrid was limited regrettably. This might be attributed to the insufficient filler-rubber interactions. There are still improvements that need to be made in the elongation at break and processability. Mark and Pan [7] firstly proposed a new approach for preparing silica-filled elastomers by generating the silica particles inside the crosslinked silicone rubber. The sol-gel process brings a good dispersion of the silica filling into the rubbery matrix. In general, the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) takes place easily and proceeds in the two steps, hydrolysis and condensation reactions, to produce SiO 2 . 180Preparation and stress-strain behavior of in-situ epoxidized natural rubber/SiO 2 hybrid through a sol-gel method Abstract. In this paper, epoxidized natural rubber was reinforced by silica generated in-situ though the sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) as precursor. The results showed that the ring opening reaction of epoxy group appeared in the insitu reaction progress, where the hydrogen bond between Si-OH and C-OH was mainly formed to enhance the stress-strain behavior of ESH simultaneously. During the hot pressing progress, the compound was crosslinked via the chemical reaction of Si-OH and C-OH. The chemical bond between Si-OH and C-OH reinforced rubber-filler interaction, resulting further improved the stress-strain behavior. Besides, comparing with precipitated SiO 2 filled ENR, the dispersion of SiO 2 in ENR matrix was distinctly more uniform though the sol-gel method, along with the enhancement of mechanical properties. Herein, our findings open up a new way to prepare an environmentally friendly rubber composite with excellent dispersion and strong rubber-filler interaction without curing agent effectively.

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Interfacial interaction between the epoxidized natural rubber and silica in natural rubber/silica composites

Cited by 164 publications

References 30 publications

The behavior of natural rubber–epoxidized natural rubber–silica composites based on wet masterbatch technique

The behavior of natural rubber–epoxidized natural rubber–silica composites based on wet masterbatch technique

Properties and Interfacial Interaction of Epoxidized Natural Rubber/ Precipitated Silica Composites

Preparation and stress-strain behavior of in-situ epoxidized natural rubber/SiO2 hybrid through a sol-gel method

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