Interfacial Photoelectrochemical Catalysis: Solar‐Induced Green Synthesis of Organic Molecules

Abstract

Scheme8.Mechanism for the PEC CÀHa mination resulting in the conventionallydominating para configurationand proposed mechanism for the formation of the ortho product, owingtoh ydrogen bonding (dashedl ines) stabilizing the intermediate.

Tandem photoelectrochemical and photoredox catalysis for efficient and selective aryl halides functionalization by solar energy

“…Diverse (hetero)aryl halides were studied first, and results showed that the C-H arylation reaction could be carried out by (hetero)aryl bromides, and even (hetero)aryl chlorides with moderate to excellent yields after 7.5-9 h (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Many functional groups that may be sensitive to strong reducing conditions, such as ketone (3)(4)(5), aldehyde (6), ester (7-8 and 12), cyano (13)(14)(15)(16), and sulfonamide (34) groups exhibited good tolerance. The derivatives bearing acetyl at the different positions of the benzene ring (3-5) showed good activity.…”

“…The derivatives bearing acetyl at the different positions of the benzene ring (3-5) showed good activity. When the aromatic ring was substituted with two functional groups, the reaction took place efficiently with a yield of 96% (15). Aside from halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated heteroaromatics (e.g., 3-bromoquinoline 9, 5-bromopyrimidine 11) were efficiently arylated in moderate to excellent yields (9-11 and 16-17).…”

“…[12][13][14] Owing to the reducing/ oxidizing power, photoelectrochemical cells have recently been used in organic synthesis. 15 Under illumination, the highly energetic photoexcited electrons generated in the photoresponsive electrode can be used to drive reduction reactions, while the remaining holes can be applied for oxidation reactions. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Beyond that, photoredox catalysis can use photoexcited photocatalyst for single electron transfer [24][25][26] (Figure 1A) or energy transfer, [27][28][29] and a great number of organic reactions have been developed.…”

Electrifying green synthesis: recent advances in electrochemical annulation reactions

“…21 Likewise, Ahmed and co-workers summarized some of the latest research efforts in using photoelectrochemical cells. 22 Protected amides commonly react with alkynes, providing simple isoquinolones, being catalyzed by Ni, Ru, Rh, and Co, among others. [23][24][25][26][27] Likewise, Tang and co-workers proposed the first double-electrocatalytic organometallic C−H activation with amides 1 and alkynes 2 for the synthesis of polycyclic isoquinolinones 3 (Scheme 1).…”

Electrode Materials in Modern Organic Electrochemistry

“…Thus, the reader is referred to a number of earlier review articles that are also relevant to these themes . Beyond the scope of this review are photoelectrodes, and other practical aspects of electrochemistry, which have been addressed in recent tutorial reviews …”