Supramolecular phase transitions triggered by external
stimuli
constitute a fascinating topic in materials science and supramolecular
chemistry. Trimesic acid (TMA) represents a simple molecular building
block, and its polymorphs on a solid surface have been extensively
explored by scanning probe microscopy and computational simulations.
The phase transformations of TMA electrically induced by scanning
tunneling microscopy (STM) were previously observed yet noticed to
take place rather sporadically. Here, we show by STM that the presence
of water at the liquid/solid interface promotes the occurrence of
the electrically triggered phase transition of TMA. DFT simulations
were performed to investigate the mechanism of the deprotonation reactions
occurring at the interface and to reveal the role of solvents. The
Gibbs activation energy for the deprotonation of TMA was calculated
to be the smallest for the OH– species present in
water, which supports the STM observations.