Interfacial tension reduction in PBT/PE/clay nanocomposite

Hong, Joung Sook; Kim, Yong Kyung; Ahn, Kyung Hyun; Lee, Seung Jong; Kim, Chongyoup

doi:10.1007/s00397-006-0123-1

Cited by 159 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The compatibilization impact of nanoparticles resulted in the domain size reduction and co-continuity index increment in the polymer mixtures have been also reported by other groups [5][6][7]27]. However, the observed contradiction between two different effects of pristine MMT on the biphasic morphology can be clarified by investigating the state of nanoparticle localization as well as dispersion.…”

Section: Interfacial Tension Measurementsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…By adding 3 wt% of nanofiller to each phase, the interfacial tension between the polymers was diminished to the lower values, especially for the systems wherein the PE phase contained natural MMT. The observed decline in % AB can explain the interfacial activity of unmodified filler stacks at the interface of the PE and EVA phases, though this effect does not seem to be as significant as the interfacial activity of organically modified nanoclay evaluated in other blends [5][6][7]. However, the observed interfacial tension reduction can have an impact on the deformation and breakup of blend domains, which is not our priority to study it in this work.…”

Section: Effective Parameters For Morphology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It has been found that the addition of solid nanoparticles with at least one dimension in the nanometer scale can affect the compatibility of components and improve the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the blends [2][3][4][5]. The improved miscibility of polymer mixtures in the presence of nanofillers has been reported by different groups with reduced dispersed phase domains, narrower droplet size distribution in matrix-dispersed morphology, enhanced ductility and mechanical properties, lower interfacial tension between two phases and more morphological stability in the subsequent melt blending processes [5][6][7][8][9][10]. As shown theoretically by Nesterov and Lipatov [11][12], the compatibilization effect of solid filler (F) on an immiscible polymer pair (A and B) can be described by the mixing free energy of system (!G mix ) which consists of the absorption free energy of each polymer on the solid surface of F (!G AF and !G BF ) and the interaction …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase behavior of UCST blends: Effects of pristine nanoclay as an effective or ineffective compatibilizer

Hemmati¹,

Garmabi²,

Modarress³

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The effects of unmodified nanoclay (natural montmorillonite) on the miscibility, phase behavior and phase separation kinetics of polyethylene (PE)/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) blends have been investigated. Depending on the blend composition, it was observed that the intercalated pristine nanoclay influences the biphasic morphology either as an effective compatibilizer or just as an ineffectual modifier. In spite of the presence of micrometer-sized agglomerated tactoids, natural nanoclay can play a thermodynamic role in reducing the interfacial tension of polymer components. The addition of clay nanoparticles was found to change the phase diagram slightly and diminishes the composition dependency of the binodal temperatures. Moreover, it was observed that a small amount of unmodified layered silicate slows down the phase separation process considerably and enhances the solubility of each polymer in the domains of its counterpart. The findings of this study verify that even poorly dispersed nanoclay with high surface tension can act as a conventional compatibilizer and change the immiscible PE/EVA blends to the partially miscible ones.

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Section: Interfacial Tension Measurementsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Effective Parameters For Morphology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phase behavior of UCST blends: Effects of pristine nanoclay as an effective or ineffective compatibilizer

Hemmati¹,

Garmabi²,

Modarress³

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…The compatibilizing effect of organoclays on immiscible polymer blends was studied by several research groups. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In the case of polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate), PS/PMMA, and polystyrene/poly(ethyl methacrylate), PS/PEMA, the added organoclays are known to reduce the size of the dispersed phase. [13,14] Voulgaris and Petridis [15] showed that the organoclay plays the role of an emulsifier in a PS/PEMA immiscible blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Rheology of Polypropylene/Polystyrene/Clay Nanocomposites in Batch and Continuous Melt Mixing Processes

Cho

Hong

Lee

et al. 2011

Macro Materials & Eng

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The addition of organically modified layered silicates (organoclay) to highly immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene, PP/PS, blends leads to a significant change in blend morphology and rheology. In this study, the kinetics for morphological development of the blend nanocomposites was studied by two mixing methods (internal batch mixing and continuous mixing), with a focus on the mechanism of dispersion of the silicate layers and its dependence on mixing conditions. Through the use of a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder specially modified with sampling ports along its length it was possible to study, for the first time, the kinetics of morphology developed upon mixing. The results show that the evolution of silicate layer dispersion during morphology occurs by and large relatively early in the mixing process and that the most favorable breaking process of the dispersed phase occurs initially due to the breaking up of the initial silicate tactoids into thinner ones and also due to their presence inside it. As a consequence of these sequential processes, the organoclay layers end up at the interface between the PP and the polystyrene phases and stabilize the morphology. magnified image

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“…이러한 고체 입자에 의한 모 폴로지 안정화는 에멀션에서 콜로이드 입자에 의한 안정화 효과로 Ramsden 과 Pickering에 의해 최초 제안되었다 [7,8]. 블렌드에서도 클레이, CNT 등을 이용하여 동일한 효과가 관찰되었는데, 고분자가 고체 표 면에 강하게 흡착하여 분산을 안정화시키며 계면장력을 낮추고 믹 싱 과정에서 합체(coalescence)를 방지하는 역할을 한다 [9,10]. Table 1에 나타내었다.…”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Rheology and Morphology of PP/ionomer/clay Nancomposites Depending on Selective Dispersion of Organoclays

Kim¹,

Ock²,

Ahn³

et al. 2015

Korean Chemical Engineering Research

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− In this study, structural developments of polypropylene / ionomer / clay ternary composites were investigated depending on the dispersion and localization of clay. The changes in physical properties were observed adding organoclays 1~10wt% to 90% polypropylene and 10% ionomer blends. The organoclays were localized inside of the dispersed phase under the composition of 3wt%, however, over that composition, clay particles formed stiff network structure in the dispersed phase and additional clays were localized at the interface between two phases. According to the developments of microstructure, the interaction of ternary composites changed from polypropylene-ionomer to polypropylene-ionomer and ionomer-clay which affected rheological properties. The storage modulus (G') of the composites was similar to the blends when clays were localized inside of dispersed phase but increased when clays were localized at interface. Also, the fractured morphology of the composites showed phase boundary and growing radius of dispersed phase depending on addition of fillers when clays were found inside. However, when fillers found at the interface between blends, the radius of the dispersed phase decreased and compatibilized morphology were observed. The interfacial interaction of the ternary composite was quantified depending on the structural development of dispersed phase and localization of clay particles by the rheological properties.

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Interfacial tension reduction in PBT/PE/clay nanocomposite

Cited by 159 publications

References 25 publications

Phase behavior of UCST blends: Effects of pristine nanoclay as an effective or ineffective compatibilizer

Phase behavior of UCST blends: Effects of pristine nanoclay as an effective or ineffective compatibilizer

Morphology and Rheology of Polypropylene/Polystyrene/Clay Nanocomposites in Batch and Continuous Melt Mixing Processes

Rheology and Morphology of PP/ionomer/clay Nancomposites Depending on Selective Dispersion of Organoclays

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