Interfacial Water Compartments on Tendon/Collagen and in Cells

Cameron, Ivan L.; Fullerton, Gary D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8651-9_3

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The average correlation time of cell water would be expected to decrease from 27 ps to several times slower than the correlation time of bulk water (1.74 ps). This degree of slowing is in the reported measured range for monolayer water coverage of tendon/collagen Rahal 2007 andCameron andFullerton 2008).…”

Section: Physical Measured Properties Of Bulk and Non-bulk Water Fracsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…As discussed above (Cameron and Fullerton, 2008) the prevailing dogma among physiologists and cell biologists is that all but a small fraction of cell water (estimated to be in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 g water/g dry mass) is bulk or bulk-like in its physical properties. Opposition to this dogma has come from a number of scientists including Pollack and Clegg 2008, Cameron and Fullerton 2011, Ling 2006, Mentré 2001, 2012.…”

Section: Exclusion Zone Water Differs In Its Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The motional correlation time of this bound water is reported to be between 100 to 1000 times slower than bulk water (Cameron and Fullerton 2008). The general assumption or claim by chemists and physiologists is that all water greater than this "bound water" amount has the physical properties of water in bulk or has bulk-like water dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The presence and extent of multiple water of hydration fractions on proteins and in cells has been a subject of debate (Ball 2008, Pollack and Clegg 2008, Fullerton and Cameron 2007, Cameron and Fullerton 2008, Cameron, Lanctot and Fullerton 2011. The physical characteristics and size of multiple water of hydration fractions has been measured on tendon/collagen by water proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation at different levels of collagen hydration (Fullerton et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2014

WATER

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This report reviews evidence on the physical properties and size, in g water per g dry mass (g/g) of multiple non-bulk water of hydration fractions on proteins and in cells. A molecular stoichiometric hydration model (SHM) is presented that explains the four observed and measured monolayer water of hydration fractions on tendon collagen (Fullerton et al. 2006 a , Fullerton andCameron 2007). This SHM has been shown applicable to globular proteins and to cells (Cameron et al. 2011). The extent of nonbulk water has been found to increase during protein unfolding and decrease during protein aggregation (Fullerton et al. 2006). This review also presents evidence that multilayers of water, with non-bulk water properties, extend out from the surface of proteins and biomacromolecules in cells. These facts have been largely overlooked or ignored by most protein chemists and cell biologists. In the conclusion it is recalled that a major fraction of cell water has physical and physiological properties that differ from those of bulk water. Thus studies that do not take the physical properties and size of non-bulk water fractions into account must be judged incomplete. IntroductionThe presence and extent of multiple water of hydration fractions on proteins and in cells has been a subject of debate (Ball 2008, Pollack and Clegg 2008, Fullerton and Cameron 2007, Cameron and Fullerton 2008, Cameron, Lanctot and Fullerton 2011. The physical characteristics and size of multiple water of hydration fractions has been measured on tendon/collagen by water proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation at different levels of collagen hydration (Fullerton et al. 2006). Three distinct hydration compartments were identified and their size quantified. The sizes were defined by Abbreviations: g/g grams water per gram dry mass, SHM stoichiometric hydration model, SASA solvent accessible surface area, QENS quasi-elastic neutron scattering spectroscopy, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, CD circular dichroism spectroscopy, VW vicinal water, EZ exclusion zone water, PML polarized multilayered water, OUR osmotically unresponsize water, TEM transmission electron microscopy.

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Section: Physical Measured Properties Of Bulk and Non-bulk Water Fracsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Exclusion Zone Water Differs In Its Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…Skeletal muscle also gave evidence of three subcompartments(Table 4). cCameron et al (1988a,b) andCameron and Fullerton (2008). d This report.…”

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confidence: 73%

Characterization of water of hydration fractions in rabbit skeletal muscle with age and time of post‐mortem by centrifugal dehydration force and rehydration methods

Cameron

Short

Fullerton

2008

Cell Biology International

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Centrifugal dehydration force (CDF) and rehydration isotherm (RHI) methods were used to measure and characterize hydration fractions in rabbit psoas skeletal muscle. The CDF method assessed fluid flow rate from rabbit muscle and hydration capacity of the fractions. Bulk and multiple non-bulk water fractions were identified. The non-bulk water was divisible into the following fractions: two outer non-bulk fractions, a main chain proteins backbone or double water bridge fraction, and a single water bridge fraction. The total non-bulk water amounts to about 85% of the total water in the muscle. The sizes of the water fractions (in g water/g dry mass) agree with a recently proposed molecular stoichiometric hydration model (SHM) applicable to all proteins in and out of cells (Fullerton GD, Cameron IL. Water compartments in cells. Methods Enzymol, 2007; Cameron IL, Fullerton GD. Interfacial water compartments on tendon/collagen and in cells. In: Pollack GH, Chin WC, editors. Phase transitions in cells. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2008). Age of the rabbit significantly slowed the flow rate of the outer non-bulk water fraction by about 50%. Also, muscle of the older rabbit (26 weeks vs. 12 weeks old) had less bulk water and less outer non-bulk water but the same amount of main chain backbone water compared to muscle of the younger rabbit. Increase in time post-mortem from 30min to 4h resulted in rigor mortis and a significantly slower flow rate of water from the outer non-bulk water fraction, which is attributed to muscle contraction, increased packing of contractile elements and increased obstructions to flow of fluid from the muscle fibers.

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Anisotropic analysis of multi‐component T₂ and T_1ρ relaxations in achilles tendon by NMR spectroscopy and microscopic MRI

Wang

Xia

2013

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose To study the anisotropic characteristics of both multi-component T2 and T1ρ relaxation times in tendon. Materials and Methods T2 and T1ρ were measured in tendon by NMR spectroscopy at different orientations and by microscopic MRI at the magic angle. A number of experimental issues in the multi-component relaxation measurements were investigated, including the effects of echo spacing, the resolution of MRI experiments, the influence of the specimen orientations, and the strengths of different spin-lock frequencies in T1ρ experiments. Results Both the values and fractions of T2 in tendon showed significant orientational dependence. The values and fractions of T1ρ strongly depended on both the specimen orientation and the spin-lock strength. The imaging resolution (35 – 280 µm) had little influence in the T2 experiments. Both the echo spacings (0.6 – 3.0 ms) in the T2 experiment and the spin-lock strengths (0.5 – 5 kHz) in the T1ρ experiment affected the quantification of the multi-component relaxation. Up to three T2 and T1ρ components were resolved in tendon. Conclusion Multi-component relaxations could be attributed to different populations of water in the tissue. The transitions between a mono-component and multi-component result call for the caution in interpreting the relaxation results.

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Interfacial Water Compartments on Tendon/Collagen and in Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Characterization of water of hydration fractions in rabbit skeletal muscle with age and time of post‐mortem by centrifugal dehydration force and rehydration methods

Anisotropic analysis of multi‐component T₂ and T_1ρ relaxations in achilles tendon by NMR spectroscopy and microscopic MRI

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Interfacial Water Compartments on Tendon/Collagen and in Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Untitled

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Characterization of water of hydration fractions in rabbit skeletal muscle with age and time of post‐mortem by centrifugal dehydration force and rehydration methods

Anisotropic analysis of multi‐component T2 and T1ρ relaxations in achilles tendon by NMR spectroscopy and microscopic MRI

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Anisotropic analysis of multi‐component T₂ and T_1ρ relaxations in achilles tendon by NMR spectroscopy and microscopic MRI