“…100,103 Changes in hydrogen bond length are sensitively probed by the chemical shift in 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), which spans a 20 ppm range depending on hydrogen bond length. 14,[104][105][106][107][108][109] Mono-and multidimensional NMR can be used to identify and quantify the chemical environments of water and solutes, [110][111][112] revealing dynamics (exploiting relaxation behaviour and chemical exchange), yield diffusion coefficients, speciation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and deliver molecular and material structures. The evolution of the 1 H (or 2 H) and 17 O chemical shift and associated relaxation parameters are key measurements, revealing the evolution of the water hydrogen bonding network and the formation of water pools with different properties or in different environments.…”