Interference-aware multipath routing protocol for QoS improvement in event-driven wireless sensor networks

Abstract

The existing multipath routing protocols for wireless sensor networks demonstrate the efficacy of traffic distribution over multiple paths to fulfill the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications. However, the performance of these protocols is highly affected by the characteristics of the wireless channel and may be even inferior to the performance of single-path approaches. Specifically, when multiple adjacent paths are being used concurrently, the broadcast nature of wireless channels results in inter-path interference which significantly degrades end-to-end throughput. In this paper, we propose a Low-Interference Energy-efficient Multipath Routing protocol (LIEMRO) to improve the QoS requirements of event-driven applications. In addition, in order to optimize resource utilization over the established paths, LIEMRO employs a quality-based load balancing algorithm to regulate the amount of traffic injected into the paths. The performance gain of LIEMRO compared to the ETX-based single-path routing protocol is 85%, 80%, and 25% in terms of data delivery ratio, end-to-end throughput, and network lifetime, respectively. Furthermore, the end-to-end latency is improved more than 60%.

Rall

“…The information is forwarded (routed) node by node until it reaches the sink node, where it is processed [1,14,17]. This paper will treat the routing optimization problem based on three objectives: (i) minimize the path length (number of hops), (ii) minimize the bottleneck, and (iii) minimize the interference in the path.…”

Dynamic Routing for Data Integrity and Delay Differentiated Services in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…However, both of AFS and ReInforM require to know the global network topology. LIEMRO [13] utilizes a dynamic path maintenance mechanism to monitor the quality of the active paths during network operation and regulates the injected traffic rate of the paths according to the latest perceived paths quality. However, it does not consider the effects of buffer capacity and service rate of the active nodes to estimate and adjust the traffic rate of the active paths.…”

Improvement in Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Modified Load-Balancing Routing Protocol

“…Petrioli et al proposed ALBA and Rainbow (ALBA-R) [8] in which the problem of routing around a dead end without overhead-intensive techniques such as graph planarisation and face routing was solved. Radi et al proposed a low interference energy-efficient multipath routing protocol (LIEMRO) [9] to regulate the amount of traffic injected into the paths; LIEMRO used a quality-based load-balancing algorithm over established paths for proper resource utilisation. Han et al proposed a general self-organised tree-based energy balance routing protocol (GSTEB) [10] in which a routing tree was built using a process where, for each round, a root node was assigned and broadcast to all sensor nodes by BS.…”