Interference between competing motor memories developed through learning with different limbs

Kumar, Neeraj; Kumar, Adarsh; Sonane, Bhoomika; Mutha, Pratik K.

doi:10.1152/jn.00905.2017

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In consequence, the prior motor memories would be actively disengaged and overwritten by the newly formed motor memories. This argument is in agreement with the previous findings that multiple motor memories stored in the brain can compete with each other for retrieval 45,[55][56][57][58] . Our findings are also consistent with the findings reported by Kitago 24 that savings was not observed within the same arm following 200 error-clamp trials and no-feedback trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Decay and Consolidation of Effector-Independent Motor Memories

Bao

Wang

Wright

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Learning a motor adaptation task produces intrinsically unstable or transient motor memories. Despite the presence of effector-independent motor memories following the learning of novel environmental dynamics, it remains largely unknown how those memory traces decay in different contexts and whether an “offline” consolidation period protects memories against decay. Here, we exploit inter-effector transfer to address these questions. We found that newly-acquired motor memories formed with one effector could be partially retrieved by the untrained effector to enhance its performance when the decay occurred with the passage of time or “washout” trials on which error feedback was provided. The decay of motor memories was slower following “error-free” trials, on which errors were artificially clamped to zero or removed, compared with “washout” trials. However, effector-independent memory components were abolished following movements made in the absence of performance error, resulting in no transfer gains. The brain can consolidate motor memories during daytime wakefulness. We found that 6 hours of wakeful resting increased the resistance of effector-independent memories to decay across all contexts. Collectively, our results suggest that the decay of effector-independent motor memories is context dependent and offline processing preserves those memories against decay, leading to improvements of the subsequent inter-effector transfer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Decay and Consolidation of Effector-Independent Motor Memories

Bao

Wang

Wright

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In summary, these results indicate that the cue combination of using separate hands in addition to the separate visual workspaces successfully cued separate visuomotor memories for both implicit adaptation and explicit strategies. As contextual separation of memories can be considered the inverse of transfer/interference between contexts, this is in line with findings suggesting that intermanual transfer of sensorimotor adaptation relies largely on strategies being flexibly applied across hand-context 30,44 and that implicit learning transfers incompletely to the other hand 30,45,48 (but see Kumar and colleagues 51 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

How different effectors and action effects modulate the formation of separate motor memories

Schween

Langsdorf

Taylor

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Humans can operate a variety of modern tools, which are often associated with different visuomotor transformations. Studies investigating this ability have shown that separate motor memories can be acquired implicitly when different sensorimotor transformations are associated with distinct (intended) postures or explicitly when abstract contextual cues are leveraged by aiming strategies. It still remains unclear how different transformations are remembered implicitly when postures are similar. We investigated whether features of planning to manipulate a visual tool, such as its visual identity or the environmental effect intended by its use (i.e. action effect) would enable implicit learning of opposing visuomotor rotations. Results show that neither contextual cue led to distinct implicit motor memories, but that cues only affected implicit adaptation indirectly through generalization around explicit strategies. In contrast, a control experiment where participants practiced opposing transformations with different hands did result in contextualized aftereffects differing between hands across generalization targets. It appears that different (intended) body states are necessary for separate aftereffects to emerge, suggesting that the role of sensory prediction error-based adaptation may be limited to the recalibration of a body model, whereas establishing separate tool models may proceed along a different route.

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“…The adaptations to opposite visuomotor rotations are known to interfere with each other within the same arm (Krakauer et al, 2000;Tong et al, 2002). The movement information obtained during the opposite arm training is obligatorily competed with subsequent performance with the other arm (Kumar et al, 2018), whereas the limbspecific memories for both arms can be stored (Wang and Sainburg, 2003). Together, these findings suggest that learning of a visuomotor rotation is represented in shared neural resources for the acquisition of motor memories across different limb's controller.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Visuomotor Transformation for the Lead Leg Affects Trail Leg Trajectories During Visually Guided Crossing Over a Virtual Obstacle in Humans

Hagio

Kouzaki

2020

Front. Neurosci.

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When walking around a room or outside, we often need to negotiate external physical objects, such as walking up stairs or stepping over an obstacle. In previous studies on obstacle avoidance, lead and trail legs in humans have been considered to be controlled independently on the basis of visual input regarding obstacle properties. However, this perspective has not been sufficient because the influence of visuomotor transformation in the lead leg on the trail leg has not been fully elucidated due to technical limitations in the experimental tasks of stepping over physical obstacles. In this study, we investigated how visuomotor transformation in the lead leg affected movement trajectories in the trail leg using a visually guided task of crossing over a virtual obstacle. Trials for stepping over a physical obstacle were established followed by visually guided tasks in which cursors corresponding to the subject's lead and trail limb toe positions were displayed on a head-mounted display apparatus. Subjects were instructed to manipulate the cursors so that they precisely crossover a virtual obstacle. In the middle of the trials, the vertical displacement of the cursor only in the lead leg was reduced relative to the actual toe movement during one or two consecutive trials. This visuomotor perturbation resulted in higher elevation not only in the lead limb toe position but also in the trail limb toe trajectories, and then the toe heights returned to the baseline in washout trials, indicating that the visuomotor transformation for obstacle avoidance in the lead leg affects the trail leg trajectory. Taken together, neural resources of limb-specific motor memories for obstacle crossing movements in the lead and trail legs can be shared based on visual input regarding obstacle properties.

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Interference between competing motor memories developed through learning with different limbs

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

The Decay and Consolidation of Effector-Independent Motor Memories

The Decay and Consolidation of Effector-Independent Motor Memories

How different effectors and action effects modulate the formation of separate motor memories

Visuomotor Transformation for the Lead Leg Affects Trail Leg Trajectories During Visually Guided Crossing Over a Virtual Obstacle in Humans

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