Visuomotor Transformation for the Lead Leg Affects Trail Leg Trajectories During Visually Guided Crossing Over a Virtual Obstacle in Humans

Hagio, Shota; Kouzaki, Motoki

doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00357

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, they lifted their trailing foot considerably less high in the VR condition. This finding is supported by a study by Hagio and Kouzaki [ 42 ], in which healthy adults overstepped a virtual and physical obstacle. While the vertical height of the leading foot correlated highly ( r =0.77) between the VR and physical condition, the correlation was lower for the trailing foot ( r =0.47).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…As Kim et al [ 43 ] describe, an explanation for the difference between the leading and trailing foot in the VR setup could be the missing visual information regarding the height of the foot and, therefore, not being able to correct its height. Further results from Hagio and Kouzaki [ 42 ] suggest that visuomotor transformation in the leading leg contributes to a motor plan for trailing limb toe trajectories while stepping over an obstacle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Walking-Related Everyday Life Tasks of Children with Gait Disorders in a Virtual Reality Setup With a Physical Setup: Cross-Sectional Noninferiority Study

Rhiel,

Kläy,

Keller

et al. 2024

JMIR Serious Games

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Background A frequent rehabilitation goal for children with gait disorders is to practice daily-life walking activities. Unfortunately, these are often difficult to practice in a conventional therapeutic setting. Virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted displays (HMDs) could be a promising approach in neurorehabilitation to train such activities in a safe environment. First, however, we must know whether obstacles in VR are indeed mastered as obstacles. Objective This study aimed to provide information on whether VR is feasible and motivating to induce and practice movements needed to master real obstacles in children and adolescents with gait disorders. Furthermore, this project aims to evaluate which kinds of everyday walking activities are appropriate to be practiced in VR. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants stepped over a bar, crossed a gap, balanced over a beam, and circumvented stationary obstructions arranged in a course under real physical and virtual conditions wearing a VR HMD. We recorded the respective primary outcomes (step height, step length, step width, and minimal shoulder-obstacle distance) with motion capture. We then calculated the mean differences and 95% CI of the spatiotemporal parameters between the VR and physical setup and later compared them using noninferiority analysis with margins defined a priori by a clinical expert panel. Additionally, the participants responded to a standardized questionnaire while the therapists observed and evaluated their movement performance. Results We recruited 20 participants (mean age 12.0, range 6.6-17.8 years) with various diagnoses affecting their walking ability. At 3.77 (95% CI 1.28 to 6.26) cm, the mean difference in step height of the leading foot in the overstepping task did not exceed the predefined margin of –2 cm, thus signifying noninferiority of the VR condition compared to mastering the physical obstacles. The same was true for step length (–1.75, 95% CI –4.91 to 1.41 cm; margin –10 cm), step width (1.05, 95% CI 0.20 to –1.90 cm; margin 3 cm), and the minimal shoulder-obstacle distance (0.25, 95% CI –0.85 to 0.35 cm; margin –2 cm) in the other tasks. Only the trailing foot in the overstepping task yielded inconclusive results. Conclusions Children with gait disorders perform everyday walking tasks like overstepping, crossing, balancing, or circumventing similarly in physical and VR environments, suggesting that VR could be a feasible therapeutic tool to practice everyday walking tasks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Walking-Related Everyday Life Tasks of Children with Gait Disorders in a Virtual Reality Setup With a Physical Setup: Cross-Sectional Noninferiority Study

Rhiel,

Kläy,

Keller

et al. 2024

JMIR Serious Games

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“…The distance between the home position and the center of the virtual ball in reality was 50 cm. The horizontal right foot position was captured by the real-time motion tracking system used in our previous study (Hagio and Kouzaki, 2020 ). Trajectories of a rigid body created by three infrared reflective markers attached on the instep of the right foot were sampled at 100 Hz using the three-dimensional optical motion capture system (OptiTrack V100, Natural Point Inc., Corvallis, United States) with 12 cameras.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor Adaptation of Lower Extremity Movements During Virtual Ball-Kicking Task

Moriyama

Kouzaki²,

Hagio³

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Sophisticated soccer players can skillfully manipulate a ball with their feet depending on the external environment. This ability of goal-directed control in the lower limbs has not been fully elucidated, although upper limb movements have been studied extensively using motor adaptation tasks. The purpose of this study was to clarify how the goal-directed movements of the lower limbs is acquired by conducting an experiment of visuomotor adaptation in ball-kicking movements. In this study, healthy young participants with and without experience playing soccer or futsal performed ball-kicking movements. They were instructed to move a cursor representing the right foot position and shoot a virtual ball to a target on a display in front of them. During the learning trials, the trajectories of the virtual ball were rotated by 15° either clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the actual ball direction. As a result, participants adapted their lower limb movements to novel visuomotor perturbation regardless of the soccer playing experience, and changed their whole trajectories not just the kicking position during adaptation. These results indicate that the goal-directed lower limb movements can be adapted to the novel environment. Moreover, it was suggested that fundamental structure of visuomotor adaptation is common between goal-directed movements in the upper and lower limbs.

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“…Visual information provides real-time navigation for locomotion, which significantly affects motor ability. [ 1 , 2 ] The age-related decline in multisensory integration prompts a significant reliance on visual information in the elderly and makes them more sensitive to the impact of visual restriction on mobility. [ 3 ] Previous studies have manifested that visual impairments would adversely affect the gait performances, resulting in a severely cautious gait pattern in the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual information provides real-time navigation for locomotion, which significantly affects motor ability [1,2] . The age-related decline in multisensory integration prompts a significant reliance on visual information in the elderly and makes them more sensitive to the impact of visual restriction on mobility [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visual restoration on gait performance and kinematics of lower extremities in patients with age-related cataract

Shi

et al. 2023

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background: Visual inputs are critical for locomotor navigation and sensorimotor integration in the elderly; however, the mechanism needs to be explored intensively. The present study assessed the gait pattern after cataract surgery to investigate the effects of visual restoration on locomotion. Methods: The prospective study recruited 32 patients (70.1 ± 5.2 years) with bilateral age-related cataracts in the Department of Ophthalmology at Peking University Third Hospital from October 2016 to December 2019. The temporal-spatial gait parameters and kinematic parameters were measured by the Footscan system and inertial measurement units. Paired t -test was employed to compare data normally distributed and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed. Results: After visual restoration, the walking speed increased by 9.3% (1.19 ± 0.40 m/s vs. 1.09 ± 0.34 m/s, P =0.008) and exhibited an efficient gait pattern with significant decrease in gait cycle (1.02 ± 0.08 s vs. 1.04 ± 0.07 s, P =0.012), stance time (0.66 ± 0.06 s vs. 0.68 ± 0.06 s, P =0.045), and single support time (0.36 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.37 ± 0.02 s, P =0.011). High amplitude of joint motion was detected in the sagittal plane in the left hip (37.6° ± 5.3° vs. 35.5° ± 6.2°, P =0.014), left thigh (38.0° ± 5.2° vs. 36.4° ± 5.8°, P =0.026), left shank (71.9° ± 5.7° vs. 70.1° ± 5.6°, P =0.031), and right knee (59.1° ± 4.8° vs. 56.4° ± 4.8°, P =0.001). The motor symmetry of thigh improved from 8.35 ± 5.30% to 6.30 ± 4.73% ( P =0.042). Conclusions: The accelerated gait in response to visual restoration is characterized by decreased stance time and increased range of joint motion. Training programs for improving muscle strength of lower extremities might be helpful to facilitate the adaptation to these changes in gait.

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Visuomotor Transformation for the Lead Leg Affects Trail Leg Trajectories During Visually Guided Crossing Over a Virtual Obstacle in Humans

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Comparing Walking-Related Everyday Life Tasks of Children with Gait Disorders in a Virtual Reality Setup With a Physical Setup: Cross-Sectional Noninferiority Study

Comparing Walking-Related Everyday Life Tasks of Children with Gait Disorders in a Virtual Reality Setup With a Physical Setup: Cross-Sectional Noninferiority Study

Visuomotor Adaptation of Lower Extremity Movements During Virtual Ball-Kicking Task

Effects of visual restoration on gait performance and kinematics of lower extremities in patients with age-related cataract

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