Interference Impact on Coverage and Capacity for Low Power Wide Area IoT Networks

Vejlgaard, Benny; Lauridsen, Mads; Nguyen, Huan Cong; Kovács, István Z.; Mogensen, Preben; Sørensen, Mads Peter

doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925510

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The author presents that LoRa performs much better when compared to FSK in most scenarios and highlights of successful transmission ranges up to 10 km in suburban scenarios. Also, other researchers illustrate that LoRa can provide long ranges with different environments [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities. Several LPWANs emerged on both licensed and unlicensed bands, LoRaWAN, Sigfox and, NB-IoT are widely deployed vital technologies [3].Sigfox is an ultra-narrow band network that is patented and operated by Sigfox. Sigfox occupies 100 Hz and operates at 433MHz, 868MHz and 915MHz frequencies depending on the geographical regions. Technology has strict constraints on the number of packets (140 per day) and the packet size (12 bytes) to be sent. Also, LoRaWAN has similar policies to prevent network congestion allowing channels to be available only %1 duty-cycle for EU 868MHz (See Section 2.4.7). NB-IoT is an ultra-narrow band technology developed by the 3GPP group which can be adopted on GSM and LTE networks. It occupies 200 MHz bandwidth and can reach up to 200 kbps data transmission speed. Compared to LoRaWAN, Sigfox and NB-IoT operated by global network operators which limit deployments of the private networks [4].An overview comparison of the three networks is shown in Table 1. When LPWAN characteristics are considered LoRaWAN becomes a strong candidate for both scientific and industrial uses cases.LoRa referrer to Long Range and a physical layer technology patented by Semtech [5].LoRaWAN is an open protocol proposed by the LoRa Alliance which enables the MAC layer for the network [6].In this study, we will introduce the technological aspects of LoRaWAN and the state of art studies fulfilled about LoRaWAN till today. LoRaWAN protocol was first released in 2015 and had a few minor revisions, the differences in the protocol has been highlighted in the relevant subsection. In the survey, we will introduce LoRaWAN in depth both technological aspects and the use cases of its different areas. We categorized literature studies as in Figure 1. Studies are classified as two main sections; network technology and the applications, each section has own sub-branches. The majority of the work is focused on the coverage tests and applicability of the technology for different fields from large scale smart city applications to personal tracking assets. However, there are still gaps in the literature where researchers can address these problems such as post-disaster communication, decentralized networks, network management, and Adaptive Data Rate.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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“…In this second experiment, we wished to measure signal quality and the resulting number of re-transmissions over a given period of time, as well as the achieved packet delivery rate. Communication was carried out over a private LoRaWAN network that operated on the publicly accessible, license-free 868 MHz radio frequency band and was easily affected by nearby transmission and increased background noise [101,102]. This noise originated from any electronic equipment with wireless connectivity or RF transmitters (e.g., garage door openers) and could be especially harmful to the Internet of Things devices.…”

Section: Lorawan Connectivity Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Water Metering Deployment Based on the Fog Computing Paradigm

Amaxilatis¹,

Chatzigiannakis

Tselios

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, we look into smart water metering infrastructures that enable continuous, on-demand and bidirectional data exchange between metering devices, water flow equipment, utilities and end-users. We focus on the design, development and deployment of such infrastructures as part of larger, smart city, infrastructures. Until now, such critical smart city infrastructures have been developed following a cloud-centric paradigm where all the data are collected and processed centrally using cloud services to create real business value. Cloud-centric approaches need to address several performance issues at all levels of the network, as massive metering datasets are transferred to distant machine clouds while respecting issues like security and data privacy. Our solution uses the fog computing paradigm to provide a system where the computational resources already available throughout the network infrastructure are utilized to facilitate greatly the analysis of fine-grained water consumption data collected by the smart meters, thus significantly reducing the overall load to network and cloud resources. Details of the system’s design are presented along with a pilot deployment in a real-world environment. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of network utilization and computational performance. Our findings indicate that the fog computing paradigm can be applied to a smart grid deployment to reduce effectively the data volume exchanged between the different layers of the architecture and provide better overall computational, security and privacy capabilities to the system.

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“…In [11], performance limits of LoRa have been discussed, and it has been shown that besides the aforementioned limits, regulations govern the ISM band, e.g., duty cycle of operation, also limit the scalability of LoRa networks. The authors of [12], [13] experimentally evaluated the impact of potential interfering technologies reside in the ISM band. Their results illustrate a significant impact of interference from IoT devices already installed in smart homes, business parks, and etc., on the performance of LoRa and SigFox communications.…”

Section: A Literature Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grant-Free Radio Access IoT Networks: Scalability Analysis in Coexistence Scenarios

Masoudi

Azari

Yavuz

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

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IoT networks with grant-free radio access, like SigFox and LoRa, offer low-cost durable communications over unlicensed band. These networks are becoming more and more popular due to the ever-increasing need for ultra durable, in terms of battery lifetime, IoT networks. Most studies evaluate the system performance assuming single radio access technology deployment. In this paper, we study the impact of coexisting competing radio access technologies on the system performance. Considering K technologies, defined by time and frequency activity factors, bandwidth, and power, which share a set of radio resources, we derive closed-form expressions for the successful transmission probability, expected battery lifetime, and experienced delay as a function of distance to the serving access point. Our analytical model, which is validated by simulation results, provides a tool to evaluate the coexistence scenarios and analyze how introduction of a new coexisting technology may degrade the system performance in terms of success probability and battery lifetime. We further investigate solutions in which this destructive effect could be compensated, e.g., by densifying the network to a certain extent and utilizing joint reception.

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Interference Impact on Coverage and Capacity for Low Power Wide Area IoT Networks

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

A Smart Water Metering Deployment Based on the Fog Computing Paradigm

Grant-Free Radio Access IoT Networks: Scalability Analysis in Coexistence Scenarios

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