Interference of Selected Palmer Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) Biotypes in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>)

Chandi, Aman; Jordan, David L.; York, Alan C.; Milla‐Lewis, Susana R.; Burton, J. D.; Culpepper, A. Stanley; Whitaker, Jared R.

doi:10.1155/2012/168267

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This could result in a competitive advantage for Palmer amaranth resistant to ALS inhibitors and glyphosate. Previous research with limited accessions of glyphosate resistant and glyphosate susceptible indicates both advantages and disadvantages of glyphosate resistance in terms of interference and response to herbicides other than glyphosate [44,45]. Future research with a much larger pool of accessions from a more diverse geographical area would provide a clearer understanding of the impact of glyphosate resistance on biology of Palmer amaranth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Response of Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Accessions to Drought Stress

Chandi

Jordan

York

et al. 2013

International Journal of Agronomy

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Palmer amaranth is a very problematic weed in several crops in the southern USA due to its competitive ability and resistance to herbicides representing different mechanisms of action. Variation in growth and subsequent interference of North Carolina Palmer amaranth accessions has not been examined. A greenhouse experiment determined response of 15 North Carolina Palmer amaranth accessions to drought stress beginning 15 days after seedling emergence (DAE) for a duration of 3, 5, 7, and 9 days. Following exposure to drought, plants were grown under optimal moisture conditions until harvest at 30 DAE. Five accessions each of glyphosate-resistant (GR), acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant (ALSR), and acetolactate synthase inhibitor-susceptible and glyphosate-susceptible (ALSS/GS) were compared. Variation in response to drought stress, based on height and dry weight reduction relative to nonstressed controls, was noted among accessions. Stress for 3 or more days affected height and dry weight. Height and dry weight of GR and ALSR accession groups were reduced less by drought than the ALSS/GS accession group. Results suggest a possible relationship between herbicide resistance and ability of Palmer amaranth to withstand drought stress and thus a possible competitive advantage for resistant accessions under limited moisture availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Response of Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Accessions to Drought Stress

Chandi

Jordan

York

et al. 2013

International Journal of Agronomy

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“…Amaranthus palmeri is a prolific seed producer and highly competitive (Ward et al 2013 ). If these resistant plants are not controlled by other means, crop productivity will certainly be reduced (Massinga et al 2001 ; Chandi et al 2012 ) and the resistance problem to glufosinate will escalate. Hence, resistance to herbicides in general, and A. palmeri resistance to multiple herbicides (including GFA) in particular, is a threat to food security and economic sustainability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2) amplification and overexpression in Amaranthus palmeri resistance to glufosinate

Noguera

Porri

Werle

et al. 2022

Planta

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Main conclusion Amplification and overexpression of the target site glutamine synthetase, specifically the plastid-located isoform, confers resistance to glufosinate in Amaranthus palmeri. This mechanism is novel among glufosinate-resistant weeds. Abstract Amaranthus palmeri has recently evolved resistance to glufosinate herbicide. Several A. palmeri populations from Missouri and Mississippi, U.S.A. had survivors when sprayed with glufosinate-ammonium (GFA, 657 g ha−1). One population, MO#2 (fourfold resistant) and its progeny (sixfold resistant), were used to study the resistance mechanism, focusing on the herbicide target glutamine synthetase (GS). We identified four GS genes in A. palmeri; three were transcribed: one coding for the plastidic protein (GS2) and two coding for cytoplasmic isoforms (GS1.1 and GS1.2). These isoforms did not contain mutations associated with resistance. The 17 glufosinate survivors studied showed up to 21-fold increase in GS2 copies. GS2 was expressed up to 190-fold among glufosinate survivors. GS1.1 was overexpressed > twofold in only 3 of 17, and GS1.2 in 2 of 17 survivors. GS inhibition by GFA causes ammonia accumulation in susceptible plants. Ammonia level was analyzed in 12 F1 plants. GS2 expression was negatively correlated with ammonia level (r = – 0.712); therefore, plants with higher GS2 expression are less sensitive to GFA. The operating efficiency of photosystem II (ϕPSII) of Nicotiana benthamiana overexpressing GS2 was four times less inhibited by GFA compared to control plants. Therefore, increased copy and overexpression of GS2 confer resistance to GFA in A. palmeri (or other plants). We present novel understanding of the role of GS2 in resistance evolution to glufosinate.

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“…The presence of soybean resulted in reduced weed biomass across all weed densities, reducing weed growth. Furthermore, resistant A. palmeri or D. sanguinalis biotypes that are not controlled by herbicide applications show only moderate reductions (Chandi et al 2012) or no reductions in fitness (Giacomini et al 2014;Wiederholt and Stoltenberg 1996), resulting in crop yield reductions from weeds. Therefore, it may be advantageous to use management practices such as increased seeding density and narrow row spacing to further reduce the competitiveness of weeds with soybean (Hock et al 2006;Howe and Oliver 1987).…”

Section: Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) intraspecific and interspecific interference in soybean

et al. 2019

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Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Clinton, NC, to quantify the effects of season-long interference of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) on ‘AG6536’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Weed density treatments consisted of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants m−2 for A. palmeri and 0, 1, 2, 4, and 16 plants m−2 for D. sanguinalis with (interspecific interference) and without (intraspecific interference) soybean to determine the impacts on weed biomass, soybean biomass, and seed yield. Biomass per square meter increased with increasing weed density for both weed species with and without soybean present. Biomass per square meter of D. sanguinalis was 617% and 37% greater when grown without soybean than with soybean, for 1 and 16 plants m−2 respectively. Biomass per square meter of A. palmeri was 272% and 115% greater when grown without soybean than with soybean for 1 and 8 plants m−2, respectively. Biomass per plant for D. sanguinalis and A. palmeri grown without soybean was greatest at the 1 plant m−2 density. Biomass per plant of D. sanguinalis plants across measured densities was 33% to 83% greater when grown without soybean compared with biomass per plant when soybean was present for 1 and 16 plants m−2, respectively. Similarly, biomass per plant for A. palmeri was 56% to 74% greater when grown without soybean for 1 and 8 plants m−2, respectively. Biomass per plant of either weed species was not affected by weed density when grown with soybean due to interspecific competition with soybean. Yield loss for soybean grown with A. palmeri ranged from 14% to 37% for densities of 1 to 8 plants m−2, respectively, with a maximum yield loss estimate of 49%. Similarly, predicted loss for soybean grown with D. sanguinalis was 0 % to 37% for densities of 1 to 16 m−2 with a maximum yield loss estimate of 50%. Soybean biomass was not affected by weed species or density. Results from these studies indicate that A. palmeri is more competitive than D. sanguinalis at lower densities, but that similar yield loss can occur when densities greater than 4 plants m−2 of either weed are present.

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Interference of Selected Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Biotypes in Soybean (Glycine max)

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Response of Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Accessions to Drought Stress

Response of Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Accessions to Drought Stress

Involvement of glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2) amplification and overexpression in Amaranthus palmeri resistance to glufosinate

Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) intraspecific and interspecific interference in soybean

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