Interferon-Mediated Response to Human Metapneumovirus Infection

Uche, Ifeanyi K.; Guerrero-Plata, Antonieta

doi:10.3390/v10090505

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The response elicited by the innate immune system upon hMPV infection plays an essential role in the primary control of the disease and the subsequent activation of the adaptive immune response [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. In the following section, the innate immune response elicited during infections with hMPV will be discussed as well as how the innate immune cells activate the interferon pathways.…”

Section: Innate Immune Response and Components Recognizing Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interferon response, particularly that of the respiratory epithelium, is so critical for hMPV restriction that the virus has acquired ways to halt IFN-I secretion [ 47 ]. In this line, the SH protein of hMPV is capable of inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation ( Table 1 ) and thus inhibiting the transcription of many ISGs [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Innate Immune Response and Components Recognizing Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is widely accepted that the IFN response is elicited as a consequence of hMPV replication and that IFNs are also capable of restricting viral replication [ 47 ], there is a general lack of information about which factors are responsible for said restriction. Members of the IFITMs family, such as IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, can inhibit the fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane during hMPV infections [ 78 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Innate Immune Response and Components Recognizing Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Components That Modulate the Disease Caused by hMPV

Gálvez

Andrade

Pacheco

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the main pathogens responsible for acute respiratory infections in children up to 5 years of age, contributing substantially to health burden. The worldwide economic and social impact of this virus is significant and must be addressed. The structural components of hMPV (either proteins or genetic material) can be detected by several receptors expressed by host cells through the engagement of pattern recognition receptors. The recognition of the structural components of hMPV can promote the signaling of the immune response to clear the infection, leading to the activation of several pathways, such as those related to the interferon response. Even so, several intrinsic factors are capable of modulating the immune response or directly inhibiting the replication of hMPV. This article will discuss the current knowledge regarding the innate and adaptive immune response during hMPV infections. Accordingly, the host intrinsic components capable of modulating the immune response and the elements capable of restricting viral replication during hMPV infections will be examined.

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Section: Innate Immune Response and Components Recognizing Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innate Immune Response and Components Recognizing Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innate Immune Response and Components Recognizing Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host Components That Modulate the Disease Caused by hMPV

Gálvez

Andrade

Pacheco

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…In addition, the G protein has been reported to interact with RIG-I and to block RIG-I-dependent gene transcription and thus IFN production [70]. For a detailed overview of the interferon response upon hMPV infection in vitro, animal models and clinical settings, we refer to [71].…”

Section: Airway Epithelial Cells (Aecs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Mediated Responses to Human Metapneumovirus Infection

Ballegeer

Saelens

2020

Viruses

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Viruses are the most common cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) frequently causes viral pneumonia which can become life-threatening if the virus spreads to the lungs. Even though hMPV was only isolated in 2001, this negative-stranded RNA virus has probably been circulating in the human population for many decades. Interestingly, almost all adults have serologic evidence of hMPV infection. A well-established host immune response is evoked when hMPV infection occurs. However, the virus has evolved to circumvent and even exploit the host immune response. Further, infection with hMPV induces a weak memory response, and re-infections during life are common. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different cell types involved in the immune response in order to better understand the immunopathology induced by hMPV. Such knowledge may contribute to the development of vaccines and therapeutics directed against hMPV.

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“…During natural infection, HMPV employs different strategies to circumvent the host’s interferon response to the pathogen, thus resulting in impaired innate and adaptive immune responses [ 51 ]. HMPV modulates host immunity by inhibiting the activation of cytokine signaling; this mechanism depends on the cell type, and there is some variation in virus strains.…”

Section: Peculiarities Of the Development Of Immune Responses To Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of and Barriers to the Development of Epitope-Based Vaccines against Human Metapneumovirus

2020

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory illnesses in children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Although this pathogen was only discovered in 2001, an enormous amount of research has been conducted in order to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent people from contracting the disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the most promising experimental B- and T-cell epitopes of human metapneumovirus for the rational design of HMPV vaccines using vector delivery systems, paying special attention to the conservation of these epitopes among different lineages/genotypes of HMPV. The prospects of the successful development of an epitope-based HMPV vaccine are discussed in the context of recent findings regarding HMPV’s ability to modulate host immunity. In particular, we discuss the lack of data on experimental human CD4 T-cell epitopes for HMPV despite the role of CD4 lymphocytes in both the induction of higher neutralizing antibody titers and the establishment of CD8 memory T-cell responses. We conclude that current research should be focused on searching for human CD4 T-cell epitopes of HMPV that can help us to design a safe and cross-protective epitope-based HMPV vaccine.

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Interferon-Mediated Response to Human Metapneumovirus Infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 120 publications

Host Components That Modulate the Disease Caused by hMPV

Host Components That Modulate the Disease Caused by hMPV

Cell-Mediated Responses to Human Metapneumovirus Infection

Prospects of and Barriers to the Development of Epitope-Based Vaccines against Human Metapneumovirus

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