Interleukin-2 Directly Induces Activation and Proliferation of Chicken T Cells<i>In Vivo</i>

Hilton, Louise; Bean, Andrew G. D.; Kimpton, Wayne G.; Lowenthal, John W.

doi:10.1089/107999002320271341

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Th1 cells are characterized by the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12p40, and a strong cell-mediated immunity that is geared towards effective elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses [17]. IL-2 stimulates proliferation of chicken T lymphocytes and NK cells [24-26]. Production of IL-12 and IFN-γ is critical to host defense against intracellular pathogens [27], indicating that it is possible to observe simultaneous up-regulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 in response to IBDV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the expression of cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of the chickens following challenge with infectious bursal disease viruses of varying virulence

Liu

Manfu

Han

et al. 2010

Virol J

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BackgroundCytokines are important mediators and regulators of host responses against foreign antigen, with their main function to orchestrate the functional activities of the cells of the immune system. However little is known about the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and immune responses caused by infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV). The aim of this study was to examine the transcripts of cell-mediated immune response-related cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of chickens infected with IBDVs of varying virulence to gain an understanding of pathological changes and mechanisms of immunosuppression caused by IBDV infection and the immune responses evoked.ResultsReal-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of both Th1 [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukins (IL)-2 and IL-12p40] and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-10) cytokines were significantly up-regulated following challenge with the H strain (vvIBDV) and up to 2- and 30-fold, respectively (P < 0.05). Following infection with the Ts strain (cell-adapted virus) these cytokine transcripts were up-regulated at 5 days post-infection (dpi), 2- and 13-fold respectively (P < 0.05), while the expression levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were not significantly different (P > 0.05). A higher degree of cytokine expression was induced by the H strain compared with the Ts strain.ConclusionThe results indicate that the expression of cell-mediated immune-related cytokine genes is strongly induced by IBDV, especially by the vvIBDV, H strain and reveal that these cytokines could play a crucial role in driving cellular immune responses during the acute phase of IBDV infection, and the cellular immune responses caused by IBDV of varying virulence are through different signaling pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the expression of cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of the chickens following challenge with infectious bursal disease viruses of varying virulence

Liu

Manfu

Han

et al. 2010

Virol J

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“…ConA activation of T cells also induces cell-surface expression of chIL2R [43]. The interaction between IL2 and its receptors stimulates the growth, differentiation, and survival of antigen-selected cytotoxic T cells by autocrine or paracrine methods [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Comparative Expression Analysis of Interleukin 2/15 Receptor β Chain in Chickens Infected with E. tenella

et al. 2012

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BackgroundInterleukin (IL) 2 and IL15 receptor β chain (IL2/15Rβ, CD122) play critical roles in signal transduction for the biological activities of IL2 and IL15. Increased knowledge of non-mammalian IL2/15Rβ will enhance the understanding of IL2 and IL15 functions.Methology/Principal FindingsChicken IL2/15Rβ (chIL2/15Rβ) cDNA was cloned using 5′/3′-RACE. The predicted protein sequence contained 576 amino acids and typical features of the type-I cytokine receptor family. COS-7 cells transfected with chIL2/15Rβ produced proteins of approximately 75 and 62.5 kDa under normal and tunicamycin-treated conditions, respectively. The genomic structure of chIL2/15Rβ was similar to its mammalian counterparts. chIL2/15Rβ transcripts were detected in the lymphoblast cell line CU205 and in normal lymphoid organs and at moderate levels in bursa samples. Expression profiles of chIL2/15Rβ and its related cytokines and receptors were examined in ConA-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and in ceca-tonsils of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens using quantitative real-time PCR. Expression levels of chIL2/15Rβ, chIL2Rα, and chIL15Rα were generally elevated in ceca-tonsils and ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes. However, chIL2 and chIL15 expression levels were differentially regulated between the samples. chIL2 expression was upregulated in ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes, but not in ceca-tonsils. In constrast, chIL15 expression was upregulated in ceca-tonsils, but not in ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes.Conclusions/SignificanceWe identified an avian form of IL2/15Rβ and compared its gene expression pattern with those of chIL2, chIL15, chIL2Rα, and chIL15Rα. Our observations suggest that chIL15 and its receptors, including chIL2/15Rβ, play important roles in mucosal immunity to intestinal intracellular parasites such as Eimeria.

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“…Similarly to immune function of IL-2 in mammalls, ChIL-2 can directly induce activation and proliferation of chicken T cells in vivo and plays an important role in enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines (Hilton et al, 2002;Kogut et al, 2002). We have recently shown that the plasmid encoding ChIL-2 (pCI-IL-2) can enhance the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus (Li et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Expression of Recombinant Plasmid Encoding Chicken Interleukin-2

You

Zhang

et al. 2006

Vet Res Commun

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A plasmid DNA that encodes chicken interleukin-2 (pCI-ChIL-2-EGFP) was investigated for its distribution and expression after intramuscular (i.m.) injection in chickens. After the i.m. injection, serum distribution was detectable from 2 h post inoculation (p.i.), peaked at 8 h p.i., and disappeared at 7 days p.i. The plasmid DNA was also observed in several organs including heart, liver, lung, spleen, bursa and inoculated muscle at different time points, but at 19 days p.i. the plasmid DNA was not found in any organ except inoculated muscle. Fluorescence of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was found in cytoplasm and nucleus of cultured Vero cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes, which were transfected in vitro with the plasmid DNA or in vivo with Lipofectamine. The expression profile of the fusion gene (ChIL-2-EGFP) in vivo was measured by RT-PCR, ELISA and fluorescence microscopy. The EGFP expression was detected from 8 h p.i. to 14 days p.i. and peaked at 5 days p.i., when the number of EGFP-expression myocytes was about 5% in the injected site. These results demonstrate that intramuscular administration of plasmid DNA leads to widespread distribution and long-term expression in vivo.

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Interleukin-2 Directly Induces Activation and Proliferation of Chicken T CellsIn Vivo

Cited by 38 publications

References 55 publications

Comparison of the expression of cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of the chickens following challenge with infectious bursal disease viruses of varying virulence

Comparison of the expression of cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of the chickens following challenge with infectious bursal disease viruses of varying virulence

Identification and Comparative Expression Analysis of Interleukin 2/15 Receptor β Chain in Chickens Infected with E. tenella

Distribution and Expression of Recombinant Plasmid Encoding Chicken Interleukin-2

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