Intermediate stages of CrN precipitation during PIII nitriding of austenitic stainless steel

Mändl, S.; Dunkel, Ralf; Hirsch, D.; Manova, D.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.08.007

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast, an influence of the grain orientation on the diffusion rate, i.e., layer thickness, has not been observed for either low energy ion nitriding or nitriding using PIII-with both methods using low pressure and high ion energies [33,34]-contrary to results from other methods including plasma (assisted) nitriding showing this orientation-dependent layer growth in the literature [10,35]. Hence, the interface between the expanded phase and the substrate was always at the same depth, independent of the grain orientation, for the current experiments.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

Depth-Resolved Phase Analysis of Expanded Austenite Formed in Austenitic Stainless Steel

et al. 2020

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Expanded austenite γN formed after nitrogen insertion into austenitic stainless steel and CoCr alloys is known as a hard and very wear resistant phase. Nevertheless, no single composition and lattice expansion can describe this phase with nitrogen in solid solution. Using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) during ion beam sputtering of expanded austenite allows a detailed depth-dependent phase analysis, correlated with the nitrogen depth profiles obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) or glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Additionally, in-plane XRD measurements at selected depths were performed for strain analysis. Surprisingly, an anomalous peak splitting for the (200) expanded peak was observed for some samples during nitriding and sputter etching, indicating a layered structure only for {200} oriented grains. The strain analysis as a function of depth and orientation of scattering vector (parallel/perpendicular to the surface) is inconclusive.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 91%

Depth-Resolved Phase Analysis of Expanded Austenite Formed in Austenitic Stainless Steel

et al. 2020

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“…Where “x” is the mean distance by which the nitrogen molecules have traveled perpendicularly through the specimen surface in time “t” and “D” is the respective s‐phase diffusion coefficient. This type of growth is called parabolic growth and the s‐phase follows this law [7]. The simplified diffusion of nitrogen can be determined by empirical experiments and the thickness of the s‐phase can be calculated under a given process duration, Equation

true < x^{2} > = 2 D t

…”

Section: Calculation Of the S‐phase Formation Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma nitriding is one of the techniques used to diffuse nitrogen superficially in the austenitic stainless steel matrix. Treatment temperatures should be below 450 °C to minimize the precipitation of chromium nitrides thereby retaining the corrosion resistance [6, 7–9]. In this manner, the superficial austenitic stainless steel layer is modified into s‐phase which is a metastable phase supersaturated with nitrogen [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the s‐phase formation coefficient of plasma nitrided austenitic steel

Reinders

Patel

Musekamp

et al. 2020

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Plasma nitriding is an effective surface hardening treatment for austenitic stainless steels. During plasma nitriding, s‐phase formation takes place which is not only responsible for high hardness and wear resistance but also for good corrosion resistance. In order to estimate the thickness of the s‐phase for austenitic stainless steel in a plasma nitriding process, an empirical model is devised. A number of plasma nitriding processes of austenitic stainless steel (304 L) were carried out with varying treatment temperature from 360 °C to 450 °C and process duration ranging from 10 hours to 24 hours with constant pressure, voltage, pulse‐to‐pause‐ratio and gas mixture. A time‐temperature dependent s‐phase formation coefficient is determined by measuring the thickness of the s‐phase using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The developed model is verified by three controlled experiments. This model fits the thickness of the s‐phase with an error of less than 6 %.

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“…В этом случае образуется многофазный поверхностный слой (рис. 11), где выявляются рефлексы CrN фазы с периодом решетки 0,4186 нм [23], γ-Fe фазы с периодом 0,366 нм (соответствует формуле FeN 0,07 ) и средним размером кристаллитов 9 нм и S-фазы с периодом 0,381 нм (FeN 0,4 ) и средним размером кристаллитов 10 нм.…”

Section: рисunclassified

Study of the effect of ion nitriding regimes on the structure and hardness of steel

Sоbоl¹,

Андреев²,

Stolbovoy³

et al. 2016

EEJET

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Intermediate stages of CrN precipitation during PIII nitriding of austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Depth-Resolved Phase Analysis of Expanded Austenite Formed in Austenitic Stainless Steel

Depth-Resolved Phase Analysis of Expanded Austenite Formed in Austenitic Stainless Steel

Determination of the s‐phase formation coefficient of plasma nitrided austenitic steel

Study of the effect of ion nitriding regimes on the structure and hardness of steel

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