Intermittent fasting protects against food allergy in a murine model via regulating gut microbiota

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of food allergy (FA) is increasing. Decreases in the diversity of gut microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of FA by regulating IgE production of B cells. Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular diet with the potential to regulate glucose metabolism, boosting immune memory and optimizing gut microbiota. The potential effect of long-term IF on the prevention and treatment of FA is still unknown.MethodsTwo IF protocols (16 h fasting/8 h feeding and 24 h fasting/24 h feeding) were conducted on mice for 56 days, while the control mice were free to intake food (free diet group, FrD). To construct the FA model, all mice were sensitized and intragastrical challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) during the second half of IF (day 28 to day 56). Rectal temperature reduction and diarrhea were recorded to evaluate the symptoms of FA. Levels of serum IgE, IgG1, Th1/Th2 cytokines, mRNA expression of spleen T cell related transcriptional factors, and cytokines were examined. H&E, immunofluorescence, and toluidine blue staining were used to assess the structural changes of ileum villi. The composition and abundance of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16srRNA sequencing in cecum feces.ResultsThe diarrhea score and rectal temperature reduction were lower in the two fasting groups compared to the FrD groups. Fasting was associated with lower levels of serum OVA-sIgE, OVA-sIgG1, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in the spleen. While no significant association was observed in interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-2 levels. Less mast cell infiltration in ileum was observed in the 16h/8h fasting group compared to the FrD group. ZO-1 expression in the ileum of the two fasting groups was higher in IF mice. The 24h/24h fasting reshaped the gut microbiota, with a higher abundance of Alistipes and Rikenellaceae strains compared to the other groups.ConclusionIn an OVA-induced mice FA model, long-term IF may attenuate FA by reducing Th2 inflammation, maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing gut dysbiosis.

Lead Optimization of Butyrolactone I as an Orally Bioavailable Antiallergic Agent Targeting FcγRIIB

“…To investigate the antiallergic activity of BTL-MK in vivo , an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy mice model was established. , The protocol of the murine model was shown in Figure A, where OVA-sensitized mice were administered BTL-MK (2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg) once a day during the OVA challenge phase (days 28–40) by gavage. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ of the body and functions as the immune response.…”

Gut microbiota intervention attenuates thermogenesis in broilers exposed to high temperature through modulation of the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway

“…The abundance of Alistipes appears to be influenced by variations in feed intake. Alistipes have been found to be significantly enriched in the intestines of mice subjected to intermittent fasting [ 69 ]. However, contrasting findings indicate that rabbits subjected to nighttime feeding restrictions exhibit reduced Alistipes levels [ 70 ].…”

The Beneficial Effects of Dietary Interventions on Gut Microbiota—An Up-to-Date Critical Review and Future Perspectives

“…The IF (24:24) regimen reshaped the gut microbiota, with a higher abundance of Alistipes and Rikenellaceae strains than the other regimen. Both IF regimens can reduce the production of IgE and IgG1, a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in allergic reactions [62]. Furthermore, Odoribacter contributes to the increased production of SCFAs and exhibits a protective anti-alergic effect [79,80].…”

“…Comparing the information regarding the variation of different types of bacteria in animals, the most frequently studied phylum was Firmicutes. However, the results are contradictory, as some studies reported an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes [56,59,60,71], but others mentioned the reduction of its proportion in the gut microbiota after 24:24 h or 16:8 h IF regimens [62,65,67]. Another phylum of great interest is Bacteroidetes, which is often assessed in conjunction with Firmicutes.…”