Intermittent short-term graded running performance in middle-distance runners in hypobaric hypoxia

Ogawa, Takeshi; Ohba, Keiichi; Nabekura, Yoshiharu; Nagai, Jun; Hayashi, Keiji; Wada, Hiroyuki; Nishiyasu, Takeshi

doi:10.1007/s00421-005-1322-7

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This study agrees with our previous study (Ogawa et al 2005), where we also observed a similar running performance (V max and TRT) in both N and H. The subjects in the present study were runners of a similar level than the participants in our previous study (Ogawa et al 2005) and two of the subjects were from the previous study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Balsom et al (1994) reported in athletes, that intermittent sprint cycling (ten bouts of 6 s exercise with 30 s recovery) performance was lower in the ninth and tenth bouts at simulated altitude of 3,000 m above sea level than in normoxia. In agreement, Brosnan et al (2000) reported that intermittent cycling exercise performance (15 s intensive exercise with 15, 30, 45 s recovery) was impaired at the moderate altitude of 2,100 m. On the other hand, we reported previously that maximal performance during intermittent graded sprint running (20 s running with 100 s recovery) did not change at a simulated altitude of 2,500 m compared to sea level (Ogawa et al 2005). Several authors have provided evidence for an increased participation of anaerobic metabolism during sprint exercise at simulated altitude between 3,800 m (Weyand et al 1999) and 5,300 m (Calbet et al 2003;McLellan et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Metabolic response during intermittent graded sprint running in moderate hypobaric hypoxia in competitive middle-distance runners

et al. 2006

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the metabolic response and running performance during intermittent graded sprint running were affected by moderate hypobaric hypoxia (H; 2,500 m above sea level) in competitive middle-distance runners. Nine male runners performed intermittent graded sprint running until exhaustion, to evaluate the metabolic response and running performance in H and normobaric normoxia (N). The test constructed of incremental (25 m min(-1)) 20 s running bouts (4 degrees inclination) interspaced with 100 s recovery periods. Maximal running speed was not different between conditions [453 (7) m min(-1) vs. 458 (4) m min(-1) in N vs. H]. V(O2) at each speed was lower in H than N (ANOVA; P < 0.05). Although, oxygen deficit (D(O2)) at each speed was not different between N and H (ANOVA; P = 0.1), total accumulated D(O2) in all bouts was significantly higher in H than N [165 (10) ml kg(-1) in N and 173 (10) ml kg(-1) in H]. The ratio of D(O2).V(O2)(-1) was similar in all bouts, but higher in H than N. These results suggest that intermittent graded sprint running performance is not affected by moderate hypobaria despite a reduction in the energy supplied by aerobic metabolism due to a compensatory increase in the energy supplied by the anaerobic metabolism in competitive middle-distance runners.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Metabolic response during intermittent graded sprint running in moderate hypobaric hypoxia in competitive middle-distance runners

et al. 2006

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“…In line with previous research (Smith and Billaut, 2010; Bowtell et al, 2013), we observed well-preserved quadriceps muscle activation and associated power output during the two 4-s maximal cycling bouts under HY and NM conditions, which has been attributed to an enhancement of the anaerobic energy supply during isolated, all-out exercise bouts in acute HY (Ogawa et al, 2005; Morales-Alamo et al, 2013). These results, together with a greater overall perceived peripheral discomfort and perceived difficulty breathing during the two maximal-effort cycling bouts, suggest that perceptions of peripheral discomfort may not be the major contributor to exercise regulation during brief maximal-effort cycling bouts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The role of sense of effort on self-selected cycling power output

et al. 2014

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Purpose: We explored the effects of the sense of effort and accompanying perceptions of peripheral discomfort on self-selected cycle power output under two different inspired O2 fractions.Methods: On separate days, eight trained males cycled for 5 min at a constant subjective effort (sense of effort of ‘3’ on a modified Borg CR10 scale), immediately followed by five 4-s progressive submaximal (sense of effort of “4, 5, 6, 7, and 8”; 40 s between bouts) and two 4-s maximal (sense of effort of “10”; 3 min between bouts) bouts under normoxia (NM: fraction of inspired O2 [FiO2] 0.21) and hypoxia (HY: [FiO2] 0.13). Physiological (Heart Rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and quadriceps Root Mean Square (RMS) electromyographical activity) and perceptual responses (overall peripheral discomfort, difficulty breathing and limb discomfort) were recorded.Results: Power output and normalized quadriceps RMS activity were not different between conditions during any exercise bout (p > 0.05) and remained unchanged across time during the constant-effort cycling. SpO2 was lower, while heart rate and ratings of perceived difficulty breathing were higher under HY, compared to NM, at all time points (p < 0.05). During the constant-effort cycling, heart rate, overall perceived discomfort, difficulty breathing and limb discomfort increased with time (all p < 0.05). All variables (except SpO2) increased along with sense of effort during the brief progressive cycling bouts (all p < 0.05). During the two maximal cycling bouts, ratings of overall peripheral discomfort displayed an interaction between time and condition with ratings higher in the second bout under HY vs. NM conditions. Conclusion: During self-selected, constant-effort and brief progressive, sub-maximal, and maximal cycling bouts, mechanical work is regulated in parallel to the sense of effort, independently from peripheral sensations of discomfort.

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“…As such, team-sport athletes may be able to improve their sprint performance if they are able to enhance their ability to deplete large amounts of high-energy phosphates at a fast rate (ie, their anaerobic capacity) 27. Anaerobic performance lasting 30 s or less on either a cycle ergometer (Wingate test28–30) or a non-motorised treadmill31 32 is generally not adversely affected at altitude due to enhanced anaerobic energy release (ie, higher oxygen deficit or muscular lactate concentration),28 30 to compensate for the reduced aerobic ATP production. A high rate of anaerobic energy release during exercise has been proposed to be an important stimulus to increase anaerobic capacity 33.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of team-sport performance: implications for altitude training by team-sport athletes

Bishop

Girard

2013

Br J Sports Med

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Team sports are increasingly popular, with millions of participants worldwide. Athletes engaged in these sports are required to repeatedly produce skilful actions and maximal or near-maximal efforts (eg, accelerations, changes in pace and direction, sprints, jumps and kicks), interspersed with brief recovery intervals (consisting of rest or low-intensity to moderate-intensity activity), over an extended period of time (1–2 h). While performance in most team sports is dominated by technical and tactical proficiencies, successful team-sport athletes must also have highly-developed, specific, physical capacities. Much effort goes into designing training programmes to improve these physical capacities, with expected benefits for team-sport performance. Recently, some team sports have introduced altitude training in the belief that it can further enhance team-sport physical performance. Until now, however, there is little published evidence showing improved team-sport performance following altitude training, despite the often considerable expense involved. In the absence of such studies, this review will identify important determinants of team-sport physical performance that may be improved by altitude training, with potential benefits for team-sport performance. These determinants can be broadly described as factors that enhance either sprint performance or the ability to recover from maximal or near-maximal efforts. There is some evidence that some of these physical capacities may be enhanced by altitude training, but further research is required to verify that these adaptations occur, that they are greater than what could be achieved by appropriate sea-level training and that they translate to improved team-sport performance.

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Intermittent short-term graded running performance in middle-distance runners in hypobaric hypoxia

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Metabolic response during intermittent graded sprint running in moderate hypobaric hypoxia in competitive middle-distance runners

Metabolic response during intermittent graded sprint running in moderate hypobaric hypoxia in competitive middle-distance runners

The role of sense of effort on self-selected cycling power output

Determinants of team-sport performance: implications for altitude training by team-sport athletes

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