Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation of the Lateral Cerebellum Increases Functional Connectivity of the Default Network

Halko, Mark A.; Farzan, Faranak; Eldaief, Mark C.; Schmahmann, Jeremy D.; Pascual‐Leone, Álvaro

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1776-14.2014

Cited by 181 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The cerebellar Crus I is also connected functionally with DMN in the resting state (Buckner et al, 2011). Moreover, the theta-burst stimulation of this region increases the functional connectivity of DMN, suggesting that the cerebellum plays an active role in modulating the function of DMN (Halko et al, 2014). Therefore, the present results suggest that internal processing, including memory retrieval, occurs during spontaneous eyeblinks by concurrently activating the brain regions connected functionally to DMN.…”

Section: Blink-related Switching Between Internal and External Orientsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…For example, many neuroimaging studies reported that the hippocampus often shows concurrent activation with the DMN, particularly during tasks that require self-referenced memory retrieval (Greicius et al, 2004;Vincent et al, 2006). In addition to the hippocampus, the recent fMRI studies revealed that the cerebellum cortex has a strong functional connectivity with the DMN (Buckner et al, 2011;Halko et al, 2014). Thus, I speculate that these brain regions which have dense functional connectivity with the DMN also showed blink-related activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Blink-related dynamic switching between internal and external orienting networks while viewing videos

Nakano

2015

Neuroscience Research

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Humans spontaneously generate eyeblinks every few seconds. However, because this blink rate is several times more common than is required for ocular lubrication, the function of most spontaneous eyeblinks remains unknown. Because spontaneous eyeblinks tend to occur at implicit breakpoints in video stories, I hypothesized that spontaneous eyeblinks play an active role in attentional disengagement from external stimuli. Consistent with this, we previously found that spontaneous eyeblinks involve the concurrent deactivation of the dorsal attention network and activation of the default mode network when individuals are viewing videos. However, this previous study examined only the upper brain regions to increase the temporal resolution of the data. Therefore, the present study examined whether the temporal and subcortical regions exhibited blink-related activations or deactivations using the same visual stimuli as in the previous study. Data revealed that the bilateral hippocampus and cerebellum showed a prominent but momentary activation after the blink onset. In contrast, a blink-related deactivation was observed in both the right ventral and dorsal attention networks. These results suggest that spontaneous eyeblinks are involved in the attentional disengagement from external visual information via the massive and dynamic alteration of brain activity between the external and internal orienting networks.

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Section: Blink-related Switching Between Internal and External Orientsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Blink-related dynamic switching between internal and external orienting networks while viewing videos

Nakano

2015

Neuroscience Research

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“…As in the study by Eldaief et al [60], Halko et al [62] used the baseline rs-fMRI of participants to localize the cerebellar node of the DMN. Stimulation through iTBS of the DMN-cerebellum node resulted in increased FC of cortical nodes of the DMN.…”

Section: Local and Distal Connectivity Effects Of Nibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimulation through iTBS of the DMN-cerebellum node resulted in increased FC of cortical nodes of the DMN. Targeting the midline cerebellum, which is not part of the DMN, increased FC of the dorsal attention network [62]. Rastogi et al [63] found reduced FC in frontal and parietal cognitive regions after cTBS of the crus I of the lateral cerebellum.…”

Section: Local and Distal Connectivity Effects Of Nibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Dementia: A Complex Network Story

et al. 2018

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Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is emerging as a promising rehabilitation tool for a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of NIBS are not completely understood. In this review, we will summarize NIBS results in the context of brain imaging studies of functional connectivity and metabolites to gain insight into the possible mechanisms underlying recovery. We will briefly discuss how the clinical manifestations of common neurodegenerative disorders may be related with aberrant connectivity within large-scale neural networks. We will then focus on recent studies combining resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with NIBS to delineate how stimulation of different brain regions induce complex network modifications, both at the local and distal level. Moreover, we will review studies combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy and NIBS to investigate how microscale changes are related to modifications of large-scale networks. Finally, we will re-examine previous NIBS studies in dementia in light of this network perspective. A better understanding of NIBS impact on the functionality of large-scale brain networks may be useful to design beneficial treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.

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“…Recently, based on rs-fMRI, the cerebellum has been divided into subregions that are coupled with specific cortical networks (Buckner et al, 2011; Habas et al, 2009; O'Reilly et al, 2010). In a large sample of healthy subjects (n=1000), lateral cerebellar areas including crus I/II were shown to be functionally connected with the DMN (Buckner et al, 2011), and neurostimulation of this region was shown to modulate functional connectivity specifically with and between cortical DMN areas (Halko et al, 2014). It remains unknown whether intrinsic cerebellar DMN (CerDMN) FC with cortical networks is altered in ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kucyi

Hove

Biederman

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly understood as a disorder of spontaneous brain-network interactions. The default mode network (DMN), implicated in ADHD-linked behaviors including mind-wandering and attentional fluctuations, has been shown to exhibit abnormal spontaneous functional connectivity (FC) within-network and with other networks (salience, dorsal attention and frontoparietal) in ADHD. Although the cerebellum has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD, it remains unknown whether cerebellar areas of the DMN (CerDMN) exhibit altered FC with cortical networks in ADHD. Here, 23 adults with ADHD and 23 age-, IQ-, and sex-matched controls underwent resting state fMRI. The mean time series of CerDMN areas was extracted, and FC with the whole brain was calculated. Whole-brain between-group differences in FC were assessed. Additionally, relationships between inattention and individual differences in FC were assessed for between-group interactions. In ADHD, CerDMN areas showed positive FC (in contrast to average FC in the negative direction in controls) with widespread regions of salience, dorsal attention and sensorimotor networks. ADHD individuals also exhibited higher FC (more positive correlation) of CerDMN areas with frontoparietal and visual network regions. Within the control group, but not in ADHD, participants with higher inattention had higher FC between CerDMN and regions in the visual and dorsal attention networks. This work provides novel evidence of impaired CerDMN coupling with cortical networks in ADHD and highlights a role of the cerebro-cerebellar interactions in cognitive function. These data provide support for the potential targeting of CerDMN areas for therapeutic interventions in ADHD.

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Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation of the Lateral Cerebellum Increases Functional Connectivity of the Default Network

Cited by 181 publications

References 51 publications

Blink-related dynamic switching between internal and external orienting networks while viewing videos

Blink-related dynamic switching between internal and external orienting networks while viewing videos

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Dementia: A Complex Network Story

Disrupted functional connectivity of cerebellar default network areas in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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