Internal brooding affects the spatial structure of intertidal sea anemones in the Arctic-boreal region

Kaliszewicz, Anita; Panteleeva, Ninel; Olejniczak, Izabella; Boniecki, Paweł; Sawicki, Marek

doi:10.1007/s00300-012-1232-1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Urticina (=Tealia) crassicornis was initially reported as a broadcast-spawner in Europe (Appellöf, 1900) and defined as a brooder on the west coast of the USA (Hand, 1955). Chia and Spaulding (1972) later confirmed that U. crassicornis in northwestern USA fits the description of Appellöf (1900), whereas it is viviparous in the Barents Sea (Kaliszewicz et al, 2012). Most species described so far exhibit seasonal breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Biology of a deep-water sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from eastern Canada: Spawning, development, and growth

Mercier

Baillon

Daly

et al. 2017

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Knowledge of the general biology and reproductive ecology of deep-water species can help predict their resilience to environmental and anthropogenic disturbances. The present study centers on live specimens of a deep-water sea anemone which were collected at bathyal depths between 1100 and 1400 m and kept in a mesocosm for over 6 years. Morphology and DNA sequencing confirmed that the species belongs to the genus Urticina. Male and female (9-10 cm pedal disk diameter, 90 tentacles) spawned 4 years post collection, in early spring (March). Both sexes released gametes through the mouth. The negatively buoyant oocytes (550-600 µm in diameter) quickly settled on the rocks and soft sediments surrounding the female. Lecithotrophic embryonic and larval development occurred on the substratum. Fully developed planula larvae were detected after 17-21 days. Planulae started to crawl and swim around but remained demersal. Metamorphosis and settlement occurred after 30-35 days, exclusively on hard substrata and preferentially on undersurfaces. Offspring grew slowly, developing 8 tentacles after 5 months and 24 tentacles after 12 months (3-4 mm pedal disk diameter). After 2.5 years of growth, the captive-born sea anemones reached 12-16 mm in pedal disk diameter and possessed 48-54 tentacles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Biology of a deep-water sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from eastern Canada: Spawning, development, and growth

Mercier

Baillon

Daly

et al. 2017

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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“…Arctic-boreal species of sea anemones from the family Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): Aulactinia stella , Urticina crassicornis, Cribrinopsis similis , that are found in aggregations in intertidal and subtidal zone of the Barents Sea show high plasticity for many morphological traits [ 10 ]. Sea anemones belonging to the genera Actinia , Aulactinia , Anthopleura , Cribrinopsis, and Urticina are sometimes wrongly identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Relatedness within the Internally Brooding Sea Anemones from the Arctic-Boreal Region

Kaliszewicz

Panteleeva

Żmuda-Baranowska

et al. 2021

Biology

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Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nuclear 28S rDNA, and morphological and ecological traits of Aulactinia, Urticina and Cribrinopsis sea anemones inhabiting the Arctic-boreal region indicate discordances between trees derived from molecular sequences and those based on morphological traits. Nuclear genes were more informative than mitochondrial and morphological datasets. Our findings indicate that 16S rDNA has limited applicability for phylogenetic analyses at lower taxonomic levels and can only be used for distinction of families. Although 28S rDNA allowed for the classification of distinct genera, it could not confirm that species of Urticina and Cribrinopsis, which appeared to be closely related, were correctly separated into two different genera. The nuclear tree revealed inconsistencies between specimens belonging to European Urticina crassicornis and Pacific U. crassicornis; the latter seems to be a different species. In contrast to Pacific U. crassicornis, the specimens collected from different localities in the Barents Sea are on the same tree branch. The same was observed for specimens of Aulactinia stella. Both species brood their young internally. The dispersal of sea anemones with brooding juveniles seems to be less limited than expected and might be sufficient to settle habitats more than a thousand kilometers away.

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“…The present study focused on a species belonging to a basal animal phylum, the sea anemone Aulactinia stella (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), which incubates progeny in the gastrovascular cavity (coelenteron) and releases few fully-formed benthic juveniles [ 16 , 17 ]. The intimacy of the relationship between the mother and its progeny before birth can be difficult to ascertain and define.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable Shifts in Offspring Provisioning during Gestation in a Live-Bearing Cnidarian

et al. 2016

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Animals display diverse means of producing and provisioning offspring, from eggs to embryos and juveniles. While external development predominates, many forms of embryonic incubation have evolved, including placentation in mammals and a number of understudied variants in basal metazoans that could help understand evolutionary diversification. Here we studied the brooding sea anemone Aulactinia stella, using behavioural, morphological and biochemical indicators of offspring phenotype to characterize gestation and elucidate parental and sibling relationships. The pronounced variance in juvenile weight within broods was not strongly related to any of the typical external predictors (adult weight, clutch size, sampling date, environmental conditions). Lipid concentration was significantly higher in the tissues of the small juveniles than in those of large juveniles or adult, and fatty acid profiles tended to set small juveniles apart. Finally, intra-brood feeding on external resources was documented in larger juveniles. These results are consistent with ontogenetic shifts in nutrition, from vitellogenic provisioning to post-zygotic nourishment to a prenatal form of nursing upon acquisition of feeding organs, highlighting matrotrophic and conflict-driven mechanisms acting on offspring phenotype during gestation.

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Internal brooding affects the spatial structure of intertidal sea anemones in the Arctic-boreal region

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Biology of a deep-water sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from eastern Canada: Spawning, development, and growth

Biology of a deep-water sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from eastern Canada: Spawning, development, and growth

Phylogenetic Relatedness within the Internally Brooding Sea Anemones from the Arctic-Boreal Region

Remarkable Shifts in Offspring Provisioning during Gestation in a Live-Bearing Cnidarian

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