Internal erosion in dike‐on‐foundation modeled by a coupled hydromechanical approach

Yang, Jie; Yin, Zhen‐Yu; Laouafa, Farid; Hicher, Pierre Yves

doi:10.1002/nag.2877

Cited by 65 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The fines can behave either as a fluid‐like (described as fluidized particles) or as a solid‐like (described as erodible fines) material. The hydraulic process of suffusion can be described by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations deduced from the mass balance of the mixture system (more details can be found in Yang et al):

div ((), {boldq}_{w}) + div ((), {boldv}_{s}) = 0,

- \frac{\partial φ}{\partial t} + div ((), {boldv}_{s}) - div ((), φ v_{s}) = \overset{n}{true},

\frac{\partial ((), f_{c})}{\partial t} - \frac{\partial ((), f_{c} φ)}{\partial t} + div ((), f_{c} v_{s}) - div ((), f_{c} φ v_{s}) = \overset{n}{true},

\frac{\partial ((), cφ)}{\partial t} + div ((), c q_{w}) + \frac{\partial ((), italiccφ v_{s})}{\partial t} = - \overset{n}{true},

where φ ( x , t ), f c ( x , t ), and c ( x , t ) are the porosity, the amount of erodible fines, and the concentration of the fluidized particles, respectively;

\overset{n}{true}

is the source term describing the exchange between the erodible fines and the fluidized particles; v s is the velocity of the soil skeleton; and q w ( x , t ) is the total discharge of the pore fluid assumed to be governed by Darcy law:

q_{w} = - \frac{k}{η_{k} \overset{ρ}{true}} boldgrad (())

…”

Section: Coupled Hydromechanical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new isoparametric brick element with nine DOFs has been developed and implemented into ABAQUS via the UEL subroutine. The detailed vector of residual and the Jacobian matrix can be found in Yang et al…”

Section: Finite Element Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These phenomena depend, to a certain extent, on the location of the eroded zones. This aspect, under two‐dimensional (2D) condition, was discussed in a previous work . In plane strain condition, a significant settlement of the dike was observed when the cavity was located below the top of the dike.…”

Section: Three‐dimensional Modeling Of Internal Erosion Within a Dikementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the available studies, the mechanical responses of an eroded soil were often bypassed or simplified by using an elastic model with induced damage parameters. Yang et al proposed a coupled hydromechanical approach based on porous continuous medium theory to assess how internal erosion impacts the safety of earthen structures. They developed an elastoplastic constitutive model for sand‐silt mixtures to monitor the effect of the evolution of both the porosity and the fines content induced by internal erosion upon the behavior of the soil skeleton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study is to simulate the 3D mechanical consequences of internal erosion within a linear dike on a foundation under more general and realistic conditions. First, the unsaturated flow condition was implemented into the coupled hydromechanical model of Yang et al in order to describe more accurately the seepage within the dike and foundation due to the difference in water pressure at the upstream and downstream sides of the dike‐on‐foundation. Afterwards, the enhanced model was implemented into a 3D finite element code using a stabilized finite element method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional hydromechanical modeling of internal erosion in dike‐on‐foundation

Yang

Yin

Laouafa

et al. 2020

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Currently, numerical studies at the real scale of an entire engineering structure considering internal erosion are still rare. This paper presents a threedimensional (3D) numerical simulation of the effects of internal erosion within a linear dike located on a foundation. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element code has been extended to 3D in order to analyze the impact of internal erosion under more realistic hydromechanical conditions. The saturated soil has been considered as a mixture of four interacting constituents: soil skeleton, erodible fines, fluidized fine particles, and fluid. The detachment and transport of the fine particles have been modeled with a mass exchange model between the solid and the fluid phases. An elastoplastic constitutive model for sand-silt mixtures has been developed to monitor the effect of the evolution of both the porosity and the fines content induced by internal erosion upon the behavior of the soil skeleton. An unsaturated flow condition has been implemented into this coupled hydromechanical model to describe more accurately the seepage within the dike and the foundation. A stabilized finite element method was used to eliminate spurious numerical oscillations in solving the convectiondominated transport of fluidized particles. This numerical tool was then applied to a specific dike-on-foundation case subjected to internal erosion induced by a leakage located at the bottom of the foundation. Different failure modes were observed and analyzed for different boundary conditions, including the significant influence of the leakage cavity size and the elevation of the water level at the upstream and downstream sides of the dike. K E Y W O R D Scritical state, dike, fines content, granular media, internal erosion, stabilized finite element method

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div ((), {boldq}_{w}) + div ((), {boldv}_{s}) = 0,

- \frac{\partial φ}{\partial t} + div ((), {boldv}_{s}) - div ((), φ v_{s}) = \overset{n}{true},

\frac{\partial ((), f_{c})}{\partial t} - \frac{\partial ((), f_{c} φ)}{\partial t} + div ((), f_{c} v_{s}) - div ((), f_{c} φ v_{s}) = \overset{n}{true},

\frac{\partial ((), cφ)}{\partial t} + div ((), c q_{w}) + \frac{\partial ((), italiccφ v_{s})}{\partial t} = - \overset{n}{true},

where φ ( x , t ), f c ( x , t ), and c ( x , t ) are the porosity, the amount of erodible fines, and the concentration of the fluidized particles, respectively;

\overset{n}{true}

q_{w} = - \frac{k}{η_{k} \overset{ρ}{true}} boldgrad (())

…”

Section: Coupled Hydromechanical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Finite Element Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Three‐dimensional Modeling Of Internal Erosion Within a Dikementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional hydromechanical modeling of internal erosion in dike‐on‐foundation

Yang

Yin

Laouafa

et al. 2020

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

Self Cite

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Site‐scale drivers of post‐fire vegetation regrowth in gullies: A case study in Mediterranean Europe

Martins,

Pinheiro,

Nunes

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Mediterranean forests are very degraded, mainly due to the intensification of wildfires in recent decades, which, boosted by human activity, have contributed to the acceleration of erosion processes and soil degradation. Under certain conditions, this also contributes to the formation of gullies. The aim of this study is to identify and characterise gullies considering their morphological and topographical aspects and determine the factors that control vegetation regrowth in gullies in a Mediterranean environment after a wildfire. The gullies were identified based on the 2018 orthophotograph, after the large wildfire of October 2017 that affected the entire study area. To analyse the vegetation regrowth, we used the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from seven Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images (2017–2022). The Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was selected to estimate the correlation between gully characteristics and vegetation regrowth. Before running the model, a multicollinearity test was conducted (VIF ≤ 10 and tolerance ≥ 0.1). Stepwise multiple regression was conducted in order to identify the independent variable that has a strong relationship with vegetation regrowth. A marginal effects plot was drawn up. The 38 gullies identified are in forest areas, mainly composed of pine (Pinus pinaster) trees (17 gullies) or a combination of pine trees and broadleaf (Eucalyptus globulus) trees (eight gullies). In all, invasive species are present in 11 gullies, alone (one gully), together with pine trees (four gullies) or with other species (six). The other gully has broadleaf trees. The vegetation in the gully channel recovered well in the year after the wildfire. In the following years there was growth at a slower rate until it reached similar values of NDVI in 2022, 5 years after the wildfire. Stepwise multiple regression (SMR) produced a solution with three models. The three derived dimensions covered 66.8% of the variance, considering the mean width, altitude and flow accumulation. The results can help to devise more effective management strategies for areas where the recurrence and intensity of wildfires have contributed very effectively to soil loss and degradation from gully erosion, with a view to a more resilient and sustainable territory.

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A coupled CFD‐DEM investigation of suffusion of gap graded soil: Coupling effect of confining pressure and fines content

Liu

Wang

Hong

et al. 2020

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Suffusion involves fine particles migration within the matrix of coarse fraction under seepage flow, which usually occurs in the gap-graded material of dams and levees. Key factors controlling the soil erodibility include confining pressure (p′) and fines content (F c), of which the coupling effect on suffusion still remains contradictory, as concluded from different studies considering narrow scope of these factors. For this reason, a systematical numerical simulation that considers a relative wide range of p′ and F c was performed with the coupled discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics approach. Two distinct macroresponses of soil suffusion to p′ were revealed, ie, for a given hydraulic gradient i = 2, an increase in p′ intensifies the suffusion of soil with fines overfilling the voids (eg, F c = 35%), but have negligible effects on the suffusion of gap-graded soil containing fines underfilling the voids (eg, F c = 20%). The micromechanical analyses, including force chain buckling and strain energy release, reveal that when the fines overfilled the voids between coarse particles (eg, F c = 35%) and participated heavily in load-bearing, the erosion of fines under high i could cause the collapse of the original force transmission structure. The release of higher strain energy within samples under higher p′ accelerated particle movement and intensified suffusion. Conversely, in the case where the fines underfilled the voids between coarse particles (eg, F c = 20%), the selective erosion of fines had little influence on the force network. High p′ in this case prevented suffusion.

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Internal erosion in dike‐on‐foundation modeled by a coupled hydromechanical approach

Cited by 65 publications

References 47 publications

Three‐dimensional hydromechanical modeling of internal erosion in dike‐on‐foundation

Three‐dimensional hydromechanical modeling of internal erosion in dike‐on‐foundation

Site‐scale drivers of post‐fire vegetation regrowth in gullies: A case study in Mediterranean Europe

A coupled CFD‐DEM investigation of suffusion of gap graded soil: Coupling effect of confining pressure and fines content

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