Internal Model Control design applied to single-phase grid-connected inverters

Decentralized reinforce‐control of renewable dynamic virtual power plant enabling it to offer ancillary services: An attempt towards net‐zero targets

“…Closed-loop stability can be guaranteed only if Q i in Equation ( 28) is causal and stable [39,43]. In case of non-causality of Q i , the desired DVPP specification, T des can be re-specified as,…”

“…Closed‐loop stability can be guaranteed only if $${Q}_i$$ in Equation () is causal and stable [39, 43]. In case of non‐causality of $${Q}_i$$, the desired DVPP specification, $${T}_{des}$$ can be re‐specified as, $$\frac{{{T}_{des}( s )}}{{{{( {1 + s{\rm{T}}} )}}^m}}$$, where $$\frac{1}{{{{( {1 + s{\rm{T}}} )}}^m}}$$ with T > 0 is a low‐pass filter of sufficiently high order, m so that $${Q}_i$$ in Equation () becomes a causal TF.…”

“…Brief on 1DOF-IMC and its infeasibility for dissimilar input-output Over the years, the IMC approach and its modifications have been reported persistently in various process control applications in diverse research fields including load frequency control (droop), inverter-control etc. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. IMC has been proven to be a robust, less computational, sub-optimal, and easily understandable control method [39,45].…”

“…The authors in Ref. [43] have shown the outperformance of 1DOF-IMC control over proportional-resonant control in controlling the inner loop (current) for a single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter. The authors in [45], have designed an IMC for fractional-order plus time derivative (FrOPTD) process, meeting the desired gain & phase margin independently, and also have shown its comparison with standard IMC utilizing the DC servo-system testbed.…”