Internal Reflection Spectroscopy

Mirabella, Francis M.

doi:10.1080/05704928508060428

Cited by 211 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…where E o is the electric field magnitude value at the (sample/ATR crystal) z is the distance from the (sample/ATR crystal) interface dp is the penetration depth The square of the electric field magnitude gives us its intensity, I, which can be related to the absorbance of light [114]. This will be discussed in Subsection 2.4.1.…”

Section: -Optical Principles Of Atr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is well established that the index of refraction of a material changes with frequency and temperature [154,155,156]. No mention of those parameters was made with respect to the value of n 1 [110,112,113,114], while the value of n2 was obtained for l = 5893 Å at an unreported temperature [135].…”

Section: -Experimental Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The refractive index of PVP is 1.53 as listed in the polymer handbook [135]. The refractive index of the ZnSe crystal is 2.42 [110,112,113,114]. The critical angle, qc, was calculated by the use of the equation (2.3.b).…”

Section: -Determination Of Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic characterization of molecular interdiffusion at a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/vinyl ester interface

Laot

Marand

Oyama

1999

Polymer

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Mechanical properties of (woven carbon fiber / vinyl ester matrix) composites can be greatly improved if the interphase between the reinforcing high-strength low-weight fiber and the thermoset resin is made more compliant. In order to improve the adhesion of the vinyl ester matrix to the carbon fiber, a thermoplastic coating such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) can be used as an intermediate between the matrix and the fiber. The extent of mutual diffusion at the (sizing material / polymer matrix) interphase plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of the composite.In this research, the molecular interdiffusion across a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone))/vinyl ester monomer (PVP/VE) interface is being investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The ATR method which can be used to characterize the transport phenomena, offers several advantages, such as the ability to monitor the diffusion in situ or to observe chemical reactions. In order to separate the effects of the vinyl ester monomer diffusion and the crosslinking reaction, ATR experiments were carried out at temperatures below the normal curing temperature. Diffusion coefficients were determined by following variations in infrared bands as a function of time, and fitting this data to a Fickian model. The values of the diffusion coefficients calculated were consistent with values found in the literature for diffusion of small molecules in polymers. The dependence of diffusion coefficients on temperature followed the Arrhenius equation. Hydrogen bonding interactions were also characterized. The diffusion model used in this study, however, does not seem to be appropriate for the particular (PVP/VE) system.Because the glass transition temperature of the PVP changed as diffusion proceeded, one would expect that the mutual diffusion coefficient did not stay constant. In fact, it was shown that the T g can drop by 140 o C during the diffusion process. A more suitable model of the (PVP/VE) system should take into account plasticization, hydrogen bonding, and especially a concentration dependent diffusion coefficient. Further analysis is therefore needed.iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Section: -Optical Principles Of Atr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Experimental Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic characterization of molecular interdiffusion at a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/vinyl ester interface

Laot

Marand

Oyama

1999

Polymer

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“…The development of reflectance techniques (7,8) has allowed IR analysis of materials previously considered "opaque," including materials with high water contents. Reflectance measurements allow spectral analysis, either with an IRE or by collecting radiation reflected off the surface of a sample, without requiring that the IR beam pass through the sample, as is required for transmission spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectra of actively growing cells exhibited a pronounced absorbance at 2343 reciprocal centimeters. The FTIR2 allows measurement of the entire spectrum simultaneously, providing a means to collect spectral information accurately and rapidly (6).The development of reflectance techniques (7,8) has allowed IR analysis of materials previously considered "opaque," including materials with high water contents. Reflectance measurements allow spectral analysis, either with an IRE or by collecting radiation reflected off the surface of a sample, without requiring that the IR beam pass through the sample, as is required for transmission spectroscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Infrared Spectroscopy of Plant Cell Cultures

Sowa¹,

Towill²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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Infrared spectroscopy was used to examine suspension-cultured pear (Pyrus communis L.) and Spartina pectinata cells. Noninvasive measurements were made using intemal reflectance sampling. Spectra of actively growing cells exhibited a pronounced absorbance at 2343 reciprocal centimeters. The FTIR2 allows measurement of the entire spectrum simultaneously, providing a means to collect spectral information accurately and rapidly (6).The development of reflectance techniques (7,8) has allowed IR analysis of materials previously considered "opaque," including materials with high water contents. Reflectance measurements allow spectral analysis, either with an IRE or by collecting radiation reflected off the surface of a sample, without requiring that the IR beam pass through the sample, as is required for transmission spectroscopy. New sample holders have been developed that exploit reflectance techniques and can accommodate intact biological materials.Here we report the use of cylindrical internal reflectance to examine IR spectra of plant cells in suspension culture at different levels of viability and after exposure to low temperature. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Recent advances in stratification and film formation of latex films; attenuated total reflection and step‐scan photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopic studies

Niu¹,

Urban²

1998

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Surfactant-latex molecular level interactions as well as transient effects during latex film formation play an important role in latex technology. This review article focuses on the siloxane effects on anionic sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (SDOSS) surfactant exudation during latex coalescence and quantitative analysis of SDOSS distribution at the both film-air (F-A) and film-substrate (F-S) interfaces. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized for characterization of the interactions between SDOSS and styrene-butyl acrylate latex copolymers. In addition, studies of SDOSS stratification along with depth-profiling analysis during latex film formation utilizing step-scan photoacoustic (S 2 -PAS) FTIR spectroscopy illustrate that SDOSS content is enriched at the F-A interface and decreases as the penetration depth increases across the latex film thickness.

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Internal Reflection Spectroscopy

Cited by 211 publications

References 252 publications

Spectroscopic characterization of molecular interdiffusion at a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/vinyl ester interface

Spectroscopic characterization of molecular interdiffusion at a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/vinyl ester interface

Infrared Spectroscopy of Plant Cell Cultures

Recent advances in stratification and film formation of latex films; attenuated total reflection and step‐scan photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopic studies

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