Internalization and Psychological Development Throughout the Life Cycle

Behrends, Rebecca Smith; Blatt, Sidney J.

doi:10.1080/00797308.1985.11823022

Cited by 99 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…El proceso de internalización, o el proceso de absorber la relación con un cuidador primario, abarca un compromiso afectivo recíproco entre infante y cuidador que, en conjunto con los procesos madurativos y fisiológicos, da origen a la estructura psicológica y los procesos mentales básicos (Behrends & Blatt, 1985;Meissner, 1979;Schafer, 1972;Tyson & Tyson, 1990). La internalización enfatiza la profunda conexión entre las experiencias afectivas tempranas y la creación de un mundo de representaciones internas (Loewald, 1980;Mayes & Cohen, 1992).…”

Section: I N T R O D U C C I ó Nunclassified

A Developmental Perspective On the Ideal of Reason in American Constitutional Law

Dailey¹

2005

J Am Psychoanal Assoc

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Resumen: El ideal de la razón es central a las nociones contemporáneas de ciudadanía en el derecho constitucional estadounidense. La capacidad individual de hacer elecciones razonadas es afín a los valores de libertad personal y de autogobierno democrático, tal como se han desarrollado en las decisiones de la Corte Suprema a lo largo del último siglo. Sin embargo, en su concepción actual, el ideal de la razón en el derecho constitucional estadounidense ignora el proceso mediante el cual los individuos adquieren efectivamente la capacidad de escoger sus propios valores y compromisos, o de razonar acerca de sus objetivos colectivos. Este ensayo sostiene que no podemos fomentar y mantener un cuerpo social entregado a los principios de la libertad individual y del autogobierno democrático sin entender cómo es que los ciudadanos adquieren esta habilidad mental necesaria. Una perspectiva del desarrollo acerca de la razón en el derecho constitucional nos proporciona un marco para examinar el origen y el perfil de las habilidades psicológicas que permiten llevar una vida autónoma y autodirigida así como participar significativamente en los procesos de autogobierno democrático. La psicología del desarrollo, en conjunto con la investigación en áreas relacionadas, proporciona un sustento empírico a la proposición de que la capacidad psicológica para el pensamiento razonado tiene sus raíces en la relación temprana de cuidado. Por ello, un derecho constitucional de familia integral e integrado debe reconocer el rol del cuidado infantil temprano en la socialización política de los niños. Esta perspectiva de la psicología del desarrollo ofrece un replanteo de la doctrina constitucional en lo que respecta a privacidad familiar, derechos parentales, facultades del Congreso y derechos de bienestar social afirmativos. constitutional law overlooks the process by which individuals actually acquire the capacity to choose their own values and commitments or to engage in reasoned thinking about collective ends. This paper argues that we cannot hope to sustain and foster a constitutional polity committed to the principles of individual liberty and democratic self-government without knowing something about how individual citizens come to possess this requisite skill of mind. A developmental perspective on reason in constitutional law provides a framework for examining the source and contours of the psychological skills that make it possible to lead an autonomous, selfdirected life and to participate meaningfully in the processes of democratic self-government. Developmental psychology, together with research in related fields, provides empirical support for the proposition that the psychological capacity for reasoned thinking has its roots in the early caregiving relationship. Thus, a comprehensive and integrated constitutional family law must recognize the role of early caregiving in the political socialization of children. This developmental approach offers a substantial reworking of constitutional doctrine in the areas of family privac...

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Section: I N T R O D U C C I ó Nunclassified

A Developmental Perspective On the Ideal of Reason in American Constitutional Law

Dailey¹

2005

J Am Psychoanal Assoc

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“…His views were influenced by Piaget (1926Piaget ( , 1954Piaget ( , 1962, Werner (1957) and Rapaport's (1951Rapaport's ( , 1967 ego psychology, and it was through two pivotal papers (Behrends & Blatt, 1985;Blatt & Behrends, 1987) on internalization that he moved toward a more experiential approach consistent with intersubjectivity theory (e.g., Auerbach & Blatt, 2001;Blatt et al, 2008;Blatt, Stayner, Auerbach, & Behrends, 1996;Diamond et al, 1990) and involving relationships as lived, rather than relationships as structured. Blatt had always been concerned with how action sequences become internalized first as trial action and then as thought, but in these two papers, he focused on the experiential aspects of the internalization process.…”

Section: Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He and his colleagues (Blatt, 1974 he and his colleagues integrated ideas from the two-configurations model with concepts from his representational model of cognitive development and from intersubjectivity theory in constructing the Differentiation-Relatedness (D-R) Scale, a measure that rates significant-figure descriptions from a more relational perspective (Diamond, Blatt, Stayner, & Kaslow, unpublished material;Diamond et al, unpublished material;Diamond, Kaslow, Coonerty, & Blatt, 1990). The theoretical assumptions underlying these scales are that cognitive development and the development of object relations occur in parallel and that the emergence of psychopathology is closely linked to disturbances in the development of object relations and cognitive organization (Behrends & Blatt, 1985). For example, low levels of D-R are usually found in psychosis, intermediate levels in borderline states, and higher levels in neurotic conditions and psychological health.…”

Section: Representational Theory and The Cognitive Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blatt was also a master clinician. Trained as a psychoanalyst at the Western New England Institute for Psychoanalysis (WNEIP), and therefore interested in the unconscious dimensions of the human mind, he never forgot his early training with Carl Rogers and Rogers's focus on understanding the therapeutic encounter from the patient's point of view (Blatt, 2013 This personal and intellectual biography will focus on Blatt's main contributions: i) the two-configurations model of personality organization (Blatt, 1995b(Blatt, , 2008Blatt & Blass, 1990;Blatt & Shichman, 1983;Luyten & Blatt, 2013); ii) the cognitive morphology or representational level of psychological development (Blatt, 1991(Blatt, , 1995bBlatt, Auerbach, & Levy, 1997); and iii) internalization of caregiver-infant relationships as the chief means by which psychological development occurs (Auerbach & Diamond, in press;Behrends & Blatt, 1985;Blatt, Auerbach, & Behrends, 2008;Blatt & Behrends, 1987). Also discussed will be the influence of these ideas on Blatt's psychotherapy research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contributions of Sidney J. Blatt: a personal and intellectual biography

Auerbach

2017

ResPsy

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Sidney J. Blatt was a major figure in psychology and psychoanalysis. As a psychoanalyst, he was both a master clinician and a leading researcher in personality theory, personality development, psychopathology, personality assessment, and psychotherapy. Best known for his two-configurations model of personality, he was the author or coauthor of more than 250 articles and 18 books and monographs. This paper describes his three main contributions to our understanding of personality, both normal and abnormal, and clinical change: the two-configurations model, the cognitive morphology of mental representation, and the theory of internalization. The implications of these three concepts for psychotherapy research are delineated. Also discussed in this paper are the formative experiences, personal and intellectual, that influenced his ideas. Early experiences of loss are highlighted as crucial to Blatt's understanding that some experiences of depression, and therefore some aspects of personality development and functioning, are rooted in relational issues, not only loss but attachment more generally, rather than in issues of guilt, self-criticism, and self-definition..

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“…El Rorschach en el siglo XXI: La evaluación de la representación mental distorsiones en la representación del objeto y del self, y que si en el desarrollo normal los apegos satisfactorios logrados en la niñez resultan en la formación de esquemas interpersonales crecientemente maduros, entonces las interacciones constructivas entre el paciente y el terapeuta deberían facilitar las revisiones de representaciones deterioradas o distorsionadas del self y el objeto y llevar al desarrollo de esquemas del self y el objeto más integrados y maduros (Behrends & Blatt, 1985;Blatt & Behrends, 1987;Blatt et al, 1975;Blatt, Wiseman, PrinceGibson & Gatt, 1991). Nuestra asunción básica es que la relación terapéuti-ca crea un proceso a través del cual esquemas interpersonales deteriorados o distorsionados son abandonados, retrabajados y transformados en representaciones cognitivo-afectivas más adaptativas del self y el otro.…”

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El Rorschach en el siglo XXI: La evaluación de la representación mental

Blatt¹

2003

Persona

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Internalization and Psychological Development Throughout the Life Cycle

Cited by 99 publications

References 38 publications

A Developmental Perspective On the Ideal of Reason in American Constitutional Law

A Developmental Perspective On the Ideal of Reason in American Constitutional Law

The contributions of Sidney J. Blatt: a personal and intellectual biography

El Rorschach en el siglo XXI: La evaluación de la representación mental

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