International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with<sup>127</sup>I<sub>2</sub>at   = 633 nm (July 1993 to September 1995). Part II: Second comparison of Northern European lasers at   = 633 nm

Darnedde, H; Rowley, W. R. C.; Bertinetto, F.; Millerioux, Y.; Haitjema, Han; Wetzels, Sfcl Serge; Pirée, Hugo; Prieto, Emilio; Pérez, Ma Mar; Vaucher, B.; Chartier, A.; Chartier, J. M.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/34/4/2

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Note that for all measured values of modulation amplitude, the frequency difference between the lasers is within the CIPM combined standard uncertainty of 22 kHz. The observed shift rate of the hyper ne component b 21 is similar to what has previously been observed in iodine-stabilized external-cavity diode lasers (-10.4 kHz/MHz peak-to-peak [6]) and in iodinestabilized He-Ne lasers (-7.4 kHz/MHz peak-to-peak [18]). A shift rate similar to that of iodine-stabilized He-Ne lasers suggests that dispersion in the iodine absorption cell and diffraction losses in the He-Ne laser cavity do not contribute signi cantly to the asymmetry of the hyper ne component in iodine-stabilized He-Ne lasers at 633 nm.…”

Section: Modulation Amplitude Shiftsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Portable frequency standard at 633 nm with compact external-cavity diode laser

Merimaa¹,

Kokkonen²,

Nyholm

et al. 2001

Metrologia

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A portable (32 cm 13 cm 6 cm) laser frequency standard has been constructed by frequencystabilizing a miniaturized external-cavity diode laser to the Doppler-free spectrum of iodine. Compact structure is achieved using a novel transmission grating. The laser has excellent noise properties, which leads to a high signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of detection and allows direct observation of the inverse Lamb dips. The frequency stability matches that of iodine-stabilized He-Ne lasers at 633 nm; the relative frequency stability (square root of the Allan variance) follows a slope of 7.9 10 -12 -1/2 (10 s < < 4000 s). The best stability, 1 10 -13 (47 Hz), is reached at an integration time of 4000 s. The observed day-to-day repeatability ( 1) is 4 10 -12 (1.6 kHz). Extensive measurements were made to evaluate the dependence of the laser frequency on the various operational parameters.

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Section: Modulation Amplitude Shiftsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The pressure shift is similar for the hyper ne component b 21 and agrees with values given in [6] (-9.5 kHz/Pa) and [2] (-7.2 kHz/Pa). A typical pressure shift for an iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser is -7.7 kHz/Pa [18].…”

Section: Iodine Pressure Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable frequency standard at 633 nm with compact external-cavity diode laser

Merimaa¹,

Kokkonen²,

Nyholm

et al. 2001

Metrologia

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“…This is the tenth in a series of reports describing the results obtained during an extensive programme of laser comparisons carried out over the period July 1993 to March 2001 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

et al. 2002

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This paper reports the tenth set of results of a series of grouped laser comparisons from national laboratories undertaken by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) at the request of the Consultative Committee for Length (CCL), formerly the Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Metre (CCDM), for the periods July 1993 to September 1995 and March 1997 to March 2001. As with the previous nine comparisons, this one is expected to be listed as a key comparison in the context of the ongoing BIPM.L-K10 series.The results of this comparison, involving seven lasers from four countries in the Americas and the BIPM, meet the goals set by the CCDM in 1992 and in 1997 and adopted by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) the same year. The standard uncertainty (1 ) of the frequency of the He-Ne laser stabilized on the saturated absorption of 127 I 2 at λ 633 nm is reduced to a level of 12 kHz (2.5 parts in 10 11 ) when the lasers compared meet the recommended values of the parameters. The lasers were first compared with the BIPMP3 laser, with all the lasers set to the parameter values normally used in each laboratory; the results then ranged from -31.5 kHz to +10.0 kHz. After checking and correcting when possible the values of all the parameters, the range stayed about the same, -31.5 kHz to +9.1 kHz. Under the latter conditions, the average frequency difference of the group of seven lasers, with respect to the BIPM4 laser, was -4.4 kHz with a standard uncertainty (1 ) of 13.2 kHz. If the INMETRO2 laser, considered as a secondary laser, is removed from the group, then the average is -0.5 kHz with a standard deviation (1 ) of 9.2 kHz. The best relative frequency stabilities, with Allan standard deviations of about 9.3 10 -13 , 3.5 10 -13 and 1.4 10 -13 , were observed with sampling times of 10 s, 100 s and 1000 s, respectively. Results obtained with NRC and BIPM lasers over a period of five months in two beat-frequency laser comparisons and in an absolute frequency measurement lie within 1 kHz (2 parts in 10 12 ).

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“…Nowadays, 633 nm iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser systems and 532 nm iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser systems are the most popular length-standard lasers in the visible region. However, the performance of the former laser system is limited by the configuration of the intracavity iodine cell [3][4][5][6] and the aggregate cost of the latter laser system is much higher than that of He-Ne lasers. A compromise must be reached that leads to the ideas of establishing other visible, extra-cavity, and low-cost length-standard lasers, such as iodine-stabilized 543 nm He-Ne lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable 543 nm length standard and magnetic-induced zero-crossing shift on length standard transition

Cheng

Shy

2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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This study reports on the development of a portable iodine-stabilized 543 nm ͑green͒ length-standard laser, which is low cost and robust. All the needed optics and electronics were integrated into one box which measured 36 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 15 cm in height. Simple circuits for third harmonic locking are presented and the laser's frequency instability could be as small as 2 ϫ 10 −12 , normalized to one hertz bandwidth. The influence of the magnetic field to the locking point of the 543 nm length-standard transitions was investigated.

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International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at = 633 nm (July 1993 to September 1995). Part II: Second comparison of Northern European lasers at = 633 nm

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Portable frequency standard at 633 nm with compact external-cavity diode laser

Portable frequency standard at 633 nm with compact external-cavity diode laser

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

Portable 543 nm length standard and magnetic-induced zero-crossing shift on length standard transition

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International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with127I2at = 633 nm (July 1993 to September 1995). Part II: Second comparison of Northern European lasers at = 633 nm

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Portable frequency standard at 633 nm with compact external-cavity diode laser

Portable frequency standard at 633 nm with compact external-cavity diode laser

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with127I2at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

Portable 543 nm length standard and magnetic-induced zero-crossing shift on length standard transition

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Product

Resources

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International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at = 633 nm (July 1993 to September 1995). Part II: Second comparison of Northern European lasers at = 633 nm

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm