International Coordination in Managing Airborne Ash Hazards: Lessons from the Northern Pacific

Igarashi, Y.; Гирина, О.А.; Osiensky, J. M.; Moore, D. G.

doi:10.1007/11157_2016_45

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The volcanoes located on the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kurile Islands are the responsibility of the Tokyo VAAC, which covers the East Asia and Northwest Pacific regions. The Tokyo VAAC has been monitoring volcanoes 24 h a day and issuing Volcanic Ash Advisories since 1997, e.g., [8]. The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) Far East Branch (FEB) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), provides to VAACs timely eruption information about volcanoes in the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kurile Islands since 1993, e.g., [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tokyo VAAC has been monitoring volcanoes 24 h a day and issuing Volcanic Ash Advisories since 1997, e.g., [8]. The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), on behalf of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) Far East Branch (FEB) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), provides to VAACs timely eruption information about volcanoes in the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kurile Islands since 1993, e.g., [6][7][8][9]. KVERT goal is to reduce the risk of aircraft encountering volcanic ash clouds in the Northern Pacific region by timely detection of volcanic unrest, tracking of ash clouds, prognosis, and rapid notification of airlines, civil aviation authorities, and other interested parties about the volcanic hazards, e.g., [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the Thermal Activity of Kamchatkan Volcanoes during 2015–2022 Using Remote Sensing

Girina,

Manevich,

Loupian

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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The powerful explosive eruptions with large volumes of volcanic ash pose a great danger to the population and jet aircraft. Global experience in monitoring volcanoes and observing changes in the parameters of their thermal anomalies is successfully used to analyze the activity of volcanoes and predict their danger to the population. The Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, with its 30 active volcanoes, is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. The article considers the thermal activity in 2015–2022 of the Klyuchevskoy, Sheveluch, Bezymianny, and Karymsky volcanoes, whose rock composition varies from basaltic andesite to dacite. This study is based on the analysis of the Value of Temperature Difference between the thermal Anomaly and the Background (the VTDAB), obtained by manual processing of the AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS, and MSU-MR satellite data in the VolSatView information system. Based on the VTDAB data, the following “background activity of the volcanoes” was determined: 20 °C for Sheveluch and Bezymianny, 12 °C for Klyuchevskoy, and 13–15 °C for Karymsky. This study showed that the highest temperature of the thermal anomaly corresponds to the juvenile magmatic material that arrived on the earth’s surface. The highest VTDAB is different for each volcano; it depends on the composition of the eruptive products produced by the volcano and on the character of an eruption. A joint analysis of the dynamics of the eruption of each volcano and changes in its thermal activity made it possible to determine the range of the VTDAB for different phases of a volcanic eruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Thermal Activity of Kamchatkan Volcanoes during 2015–2022 Using Remote Sensing

Girina,

Manevich,

Loupian

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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“…Powerful and catastrophic explosive volcanic eruptions are highly dangerous for modern jet aviation as up to several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosols can be emitted in the atmosphere and stratosphere for hours and days as a result of such eruptions, e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Each explosive event, especially a catastrophic one, is unique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of the Ash Cloud Movement from the Catastrophic Eruption of the Sheveluch Volcano in November 1964

et al. 2022

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This paper reconstructs, for the first time, the motion dynamics of an eruptive cloud formed during the catastrophic eruption of the Sheveluch volcano in November 1964 (Volcanic Explosivity Index 4+). This became possible due to the public availability of atmospheric reanalysis data from the ERA-40 archive of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the development of numerical modeling of volcanic ash cloud propagation. The simulation of the eruptive cloud motion process, which was carried out using the FALL3D and PUFF models, made it possible to clarify the sequence of events of this eruption (destruction of extrusive domes in the crater and the formation of an eruptive column and pyroclastic flows), which lasted only 1 h 12 min. During the eruption, the ash cloud consisted of two parts: the main eruptive cloud that rose up to 15,000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), and the co-ignimbrite cloud that formed above the moving pyroclastic flows. The ashfall in Ust-Kamchatsk (Kamchatka) first occurred out of the eruptive cloud moving at a higher speed, then out of the co-ignimbrite cloud. In Nikolskoye (Bering Island, Commander Islands), ash fell only out of the co-ignimbrite cloud. Under the turbulent diffusion, the forefront of the main eruptive cloud rose slowly in the atmosphere and reached 16,500 m a.s.l. by 04:07 UTC on November 12. Three days after the eruption began, the eruptive cloud stretched for 3000 km over the territories of the countries of Russia, Canada, the USA, Mexico, and over both the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. It is assumed that the well-known long-term decrease in the solar radiation intensity in the northern latitudes from 1963–1966, which was established according to the world remote sensing data, was associated with the spread of aerosol clouds formed not only by the Agung volcano, but those formed during the 1964 Sheveluch volcano catastrophic eruption.

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“…The KVERT has been performing as a Volcanological Observatory of Russian Federation (WOVO, no. 290111-3000001) since 2010 as part of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IV&S), Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) by delivering information on volcanic activities to the international aviation community (Igarashi et al, 2017;Girina, 2012;Gordeev and Girina, 2014;Kiriyanov, 1992;Miller and Casadevall, 2000;Neal et al, 2009). Modern jet airliners fly at heights of 8-13 km a.s.l., while other airplanes and helicopters rise to 6-7 km a.s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2016 Eruptions in Kamchatka and on the North Kuril Islands: The Hazard to Aviation

Гирина

Manevich

Melnikov

et al. 2019

J. Volcanolog. Seismol.

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Large explosive eruptions of volcanoes pose the highest hazard to modern jet flights, because such eruptions can eject as much as several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosol into the atmosphere during a few hours or days. The year 2016 saw eruptions on 5 of the 30 active Kamchatka volcanoes (Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, Karymsky, and Zhupanovsky) and on 3 of the 6 active volcanoes that exist on the North Kuril Islands (Alaid, Ebeko, and Chikurachki). Effusive activity was observed on Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Alaid. All volcanoes showed explosive activity. The large explosive events mostly occurred from September through December (Sheveluch), a moderate ash emission accompanied the entire Klyuchevskoy eruption in March-November, and explosive activity of Karymsky, Zhupanovsky, Alaid, and Chikurachki was mostly observed in the earlier half of the year. The ash ejected in 2016 covered a total area of 600000 km 2 , with 460000 km 2 of this being due to Kamchatka volcanoes and 140000 km 2 to the eruptions of the North Kuril volcanoes. The activity of Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, and Zhupanovsky was dangerous to international and local flights, because the explosions sent ash to heights of 10-12 km above sea level, while the eruptions of Bezymianny, Karymsky, Alaid, Ebeko, and Chikurachki were dangerous for local flights, since the ash did not rise higher than 5 km above sea level.

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International Coordination in Managing Airborne Ash Hazards: Lessons from the Northern Pacific

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Monitoring the Thermal Activity of Kamchatkan Volcanoes during 2015–2022 Using Remote Sensing

Monitoring the Thermal Activity of Kamchatkan Volcanoes during 2015–2022 Using Remote Sensing

Numerical Modeling of the Ash Cloud Movement from the Catastrophic Eruption of the Sheveluch Volcano in November 1964

The 2016 Eruptions in Kamchatka and on the North Kuril Islands: The Hazard to Aviation

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