International development of chemical vapor deposited zinc sulfide

McCloy, John S.

doi:10.1117/12.717870

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Z inc sulfide (ZnS) is a wide bandgap (cubic form, E g =3.68 eV at 300 K 1 ) II–VI semiconductor with a long history of use in infrared windows, 2,3 optical thin films, 4 photonic crystals, 5 phosphors and luminescence‐based devices, 6,7 and other optical components. Its unique combination of wide bandgap, allowing transmission of visible light, low‐energy fundamental phonon modes, allowing transmission in the long‐wave infrared atmospheric transmission window (8–12 μm wavelength), and reasonable flexural strength have promoted its use as an infrared window material for thermal imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Metal Promoter on the Recrystallized Structure and Optical Transmission of Chemical Vapor Deposited Zinc Sulfide

McCloy

Korenstein

Zelinski

2009

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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Structural changes from processing in polytype‐rich zinc sulfide (ZnS) are complex and poorly understood. In this study, recrystallization was induced in chemical vapor deposited ZnS by annealing and hot isostatic pressing (HIPping). Samples were characterized using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, electron diffraction, polycrystalline and powder X‐ray diffraction, and transmission spectroscopy. Recrystallization was found to reduce the hexagonality and increase the {111} texture of as‐deposited ZnS. Changes in hexagonality and texture can occur independently of each other. HIPped ZnS with superior transmission exhibits both a change in texture and a reduction in hexagonal content. Reduction in hexagonality, alone, was not sufficient to improve optical transmission from the visible to the infrared. For the first time, the effects of pressure, temperature, and the presence of platinum on recrystallization during commercial ZnS HIPping are separated and identified. Platinum was found to actively promote recrystallization and silver demonstrated a similar effect. Several theories focusing on the unique polytypic nature of ZnS are offered to explain the changes in structure and properties occurring during recrystallization. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the nature of order–disorder and martensitic phase transformations in ceramic materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Metal Promoter on the Recrystallized Structure and Optical Transmission of Chemical Vapor Deposited Zinc Sulfide

McCloy

Korenstein

Zelinski

2009

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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“…After hot isostatic pressure (HIP), multi-spectral ZnS can be used for (0.35-14 µm) full band [9]. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is currently the main method for growing large-size, high-performance zinc sulfide materials, and is widely used in long-wave infrared windows and fairings [6,10,11]. Due to the low deposition temperature and low deposition pressure, CVD ZnS is mainly composed of polycrystalline cubic sphalerite, which exhibits an isotropic structure and has the same refractive index in different directions, which is conducive to the uniformity of optical properties [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the twins and textures in CVDZnS

et al. 2020

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In this paper, X-ray diffraction, selective area electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study the twins at different positions and textures in different direction in CVDZnS. It was found that the CVDZnS twin showed streaks under TEM. The narrower the streaks, the higher the content of twins, and the content of twins in CVDZnS normal layer was higher than that in bright layer. There are textures in CVDZnS, and the main texture of P surface (perpendicular to the direction of growth) is different from S surface (parallel to the growth direction of surface). The main texture in P is {010} 〈001〉, and the S is {101} 〈 131〉.

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“…CVDZnS is the most important full-band long-wave infrared optical window and dome material [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defects in CVDZnS

Lü

Wang

et al. 2011

Rare Metals

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Defects seriously influence the optical properties and mechanical properties of CVDZnS. The deposition technique was introduced and experiment methods such as SEM, TEM and OM were adopted to study the defects: hexagonal phase, abnormally large grains, micro-cracks, micro-pores and impurities. The microstructures of these defects were observed, and the formation mechanisms of these defects were analyzed. Hexagonal ZnS as an impurity causes anisotropy in different directions with different refraction indexes and increases the scattering of CVDZnS. Increasing the deposition temperature can inhibit the formation of the hexagonal phase. The main reason for the growth of abnormally large grains in CVDZnS is high deposition rate. The lower deposition temperature increases growth stress in CVDZnS, which consequently results in the bowing of CVDZnS plates, and introduces microscopic defects such as grain blending and micro-cracks in the crystal. Micro-pores and impurities are induced by high reactant concentration in the local deposition chamber, which can be avoided by improving the gas flowing so as to make the concentration more uniform.

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International development of chemical vapor deposited zinc sulfide

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Metal Promoter on the Recrystallized Structure and Optical Transmission of Chemical Vapor Deposited Zinc Sulfide

Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Metal Promoter on the Recrystallized Structure and Optical Transmission of Chemical Vapor Deposited Zinc Sulfide

Study on the twins and textures in CVDZnS

Defects in CVDZnS

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