Countries around the world are increasingly recognising that
the effective revenue system is the most important factor for economic
development. Factors effecting revenue potential measured as the revenue
to GDP has been one of the most important issues that concerns to
policy-makers from last three decades. Many developing countries face
difficulties in generating sufficient revenues for public expenditure.
In some countries budget deficits and the unproductive use of public
expenditures have narrow the vital investments in both human resources
and basic infrastructure that are necessary for providing base for
sustainable economic growth and development. Too much dependence on
foreign financing may cause problems of debt sustainability; therefore
developing countries will need to depend substantially on domestic
revenue generation. There is a large body of literature on tax revenue
potential in developing countries [Bahl (1971); Tanzi (1987); Leuthold
(1991); and Stotsky and Mariam (1997); Gupta (2007)]. However, there is
few studies that examine institutional and governance quality as a
factor influencing tax collection and tax revenue potential. According
to Tanzi and Davoodi (1997) and Gupta (2007) these factors are
responsible for low tax collection in developing countries by allowing
citizens inappropriate tax exemptions and enabling tax evasion due to
bad tax administration. Therefore, a precondition for ensuring adequate
revenue collection is a legitimate and responsive institutions following
the rule of law with control on corruption and having high quality
bureaucracy to administer. Studies also confirm that a strong political
will to reform is required for successful reform process [Bird (2004)].
Alm, et al. (2003) suggest that tax records of countries are reflection
of their political or societal institutions.