International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Lahti, Markku; Kautio, Kari; Karppinen, Mikko; Keränen, Kimmo; Ollila, Jyrki; Karioja, Pentti

doi:10.24425/ijet.2020.131886

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

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Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer

Pascual-Esco,

Lleonart,

Calvo-López

et al. 2023

Microchim Acta

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A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for the synthesis of CDs and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic platform, which automatically performs a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) protocol for the determination of heavy metal ions in water by CD fluorescence quenching. As a proof of concept, nitrogen-doped CDs were synthesized from acrylic acid and ethylenediamine (ED) with quantum yields (QYs) of up to 44%, which are selective to cobalt. With the described system, we synthesized homogeneous CDs without the need for further purification and with the minimum consumption of reagents, and optimized fluorescence measurements can be performed with freshly obtained luminescent nanomaterials that have not undergone decomposition processes. They have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 4.2 ± 0.9 nm and maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 358 nm and 452 nm, respectively. The system allows the automatic dilution and buffering of the synthesized CDs and the sample prior to the determination of cobalt. The concentration of cobalt was determined with good sensitivity and a limit of detection of 7 μg·L−1 with a linear range of 0.02–1 mg·L−1 of Co2+. Spiked tap water and river water samples were analyzed, obtaining recovery from 98 to 104%. This demonstrates the potential of the equipment as an efficient on-site control system for heavy metal monitoring in water. Graphical abstract

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Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer

Pascual-Esco,

Lleonart,

Calvo-López

et al. 2023

Microchim Acta

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Terahertz spectra of selected low-temperature cofired ceramics: A comparative study

Pałka

Synkiewicz-Musialska

Szwagierczak

et al. 2023

Materials Research Bulletin

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Inkjet-printed low temperature co-fired ceramics: process development for customized LTCC

Jäger,

Ihle,

Gläser

et al. 2024

Flex. Print. Electron.

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This paper investigates the utilization of digital printing technologies for the fabrication of low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC). LTCC offer great opportunities for applications such as antennas, sensors or actuators due to their outstanding properties like low dielectric loss, low permittivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and at the same time high reliability in harsh environments (heat, humidity, and radiation). LTCC are multilayer circuits that are typically functionalized by screen-printing. This publication investigates the replacement of screen-printing by digital printing processes, such as inkjet and Aerosol Jet printing, to facilitate a more resource-friendly and customizable manufacturing of LTCC. The use of digital printing technologies not only streamlines small-scale productions and development processes but also offers the advantage of achieving miniaturization down to single-digit microns. In this publication, digital printing processes, filling of vias, lamination processes, co-firing at 850 °C and printing on fired LTCC were investigated. Three layers of nanoparticle silver ink were printed on green LTCC tape and 100% of the embedded printed structures were conductive after co-firing. Filling of vias with inkjet printing was investigated and the most important process parameters were found to be the clustering of vias, the amount of active nozzles and the substrate temperature. Printing on fired LTCC demonstrated high precision, and sintering at 600 °C achieved strong adhesion of printed structures to LTCC. These successful findings culminate in presenting a process chain for fully maskless structured, multilayer LTCC.

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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer

Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer

Terahertz spectra of selected low-temperature cofired ceramics: A comparative study

Inkjet-printed low temperature co-fired ceramics: process development for customized LTCC

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