International roadmap for artificial gravity research

Clément, Gilles

doi:10.1038/s41526-017-0034-8

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…All mice received the same ad libitum access to food and water. A detailed description of the flight schedule and mouse information has been previously reported [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis

Mao

Byrum

Nishiyama

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Astronauts are reported to have experienced some impairment in visual acuity during their mission on the International Space Station (ISS) and after they returned to Earth. There is emerging evidence that changes in vision may involve alterations in ocular structure and function. To investigate possible mechanisms, changes in protein expression profiles and oxidative stress-associated apoptosis were examined in mouse ocular tissue after spaceflight. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 12) were launched from the Kennedy Space Center on a SpaceX rocket to the ISS for a 35-day mission. The animals were housed in the mouse Habitat Cage Unit (HCU) in the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) “Kibo” facility on the ISS. The flight mice lived either under an ambient microgravity condition (µg) or in a centrifugal habitat unit that produced 1 g artificial gravity (µg + 1 g). Habitat control (HC) and vivarium control mice lived on Earth in HCUs or normal vivarium cages, respectively. Quantitative assessment of ocular tissue demonstrated that the µg group induced significant apoptosis in the retina vascular endothelial cells compared to all other groups (p < 0.05) that was 64% greater than that in the HC group. Proteomic analysis showed that many key pathways responsible for cell death, cell repair, inflammation, and metabolic stress were significantly altered in µg mice compared to HC animals. Additionally, there were more significant changes in regulated protein expression in the µg group relative to that in the µg + 1 g group. These data provide evidence that spaceflight induces retinal apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and changes in retinal protein expression related to cellular structure, immune response and metabolic function, and that artificial gravity (AG) provides some protection against these changes. These retinal cellular responses may affect blood–retinal barrier (BRB) integrity, visual acuity, and impact the potential risk of developing late retinal degeneration.

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“…All mice received the same ad libitum access to food and water. A detailed description of the flight schedule and mouse information has been previously reported [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rodent centrifugation capability provides opportunities to compare the effectiveness of AG prescription under spaceflight conditions. Since the HCU can reproduce Earth-like gravity, it can be used to test the effectiveness of AG to mitigate the effects of microgravity on physiological systems [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis

Mao

Byrum

Nishiyama

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Artificial gravity (AG) has been proposed as a promising multisystem countermeasure ( Paloski and Charles, 2014 ; Clément G.R. et al, 2016 ; Clément, 2017 ). By intermittently creating a gravitational gradient along the major body axis, AG has the potential to prevent multiple aspects of human deconditioning from occurring during long exposure to weightlessness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspects such as the appropriate gravity level, centrifuge configuration, radius, angular velocity, exposure time, exercise modality, exercise protocol, or safety concerns are still unanswered, and require further investigation ( Clément G. et al, 2016 ). Of particular interest is to understand the relationship between gravitational dose and physiological response, which is unknown for most human physiological systems ( Clément, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Cardiovascular Response to Short-Radius Centrifugation With and Without Ergometer Exercise

2018

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Artificial gravity (AG) has often been proposed as an integrated multi-system countermeasure to physiological deconditioning associated with extended exposure to reduced gravity levels, particularly if combined with exercise. Twelve subjects underwent short-radius centrifugation along with bicycle ergometry to quantify the short-term cardiovascular response to AG and exercise across three AG levels (0 G or no rotation, 1 G, and 1.4 G; referenced to the subject’s feet and measured in the centripetal direction) and three exercise intensities (25, 50, and 100 W). Continuous cardiovascular measurements were collected during the centrifugation sessions using a non-invasive monitoring system. The cardiovascular responses were more prominent at higher levels of AG and exercise intensity. In particular, cardiac output, stroke volume, pulse pressure, and heart rate significantly increased with both AG level (in most of exercise group combinations, showing averaged increments across exercise conditions of 1.4 L/min/g, 7.6 mL/g, 5.22 mmHg/g, and 2.0 bpm/g, respectively), and workload intensity (averaged increments across AG conditions of 0.09 L/min/W, 0.17 mL/W, 0.22 mmHg/W, and 0.74 bpm/W respectively). These results suggest that the addition of AG to exercise can provide a greater cardiovascular benefit than exercise alone. Hierarchical regression models were fitted to the experimental data to determine dose-response curves of all cardiovascular variables as a function of AG-level and exercise intensity during short-radius centrifugation. These results can inform future studies, decisions, and trade-offs toward potential implementation of AG as a space countermeasure.

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“…This will allow us to better establish the biological relevance of the changes observed in the immune system (Alwood et al, 2017). A better understanding of how gravity affects basic biological systems will allow us to understand the physiological adaptation during spaceflight (Clément, 2017) and what level of countermeasures will be more effective. Given that NASA Strategic Plan encourages using robust research at both basic and applied levels to make fundamental biological discoveries to address the emerging human risks of spaceflight environment, we strive to increase our collaborative network to improve techniques to enhance cancer research and risks-goals stated by the National Cancer Institute (NIC) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) at the last American Society for Space Gravitational Research Conference in 2018.…”

Section: Relevancy To Human Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Murine T-Cells and Cancer Cells under Thermal Stressors and 2D Slow Rotating System Effects as a Testbed for Suborbital Flights

Llanos

Andrijauskaite

2019

Gravitational and Space Research

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Research indicates that exposure to microgravity leads to immune system dysregulation. However, there is a lack of clear evidence on the specific reasons and precise mechanisms accounting for these immune system changes. Past studies investigating space travel-induced alterations in immunological parameters report many conflicting results, explained by the role of certain confounders, such as cosmic radiation, individual body environment, or differences in experimental design. To minimize the variability in results and to eliminate some technical challenges, we advocate conducting thorough feasibility studies prior to actual suborbital or orbital space experiments. We show how exposure to suborbital flight stressors and the use of a two-dimensional slow rotating device affect T-cells and cancer cells survivability. To enhance T-cell activation and viability, we primed them alone or in combination with IL-2 and IL-12 cytokines. Viability of T-cells was assessed before, during the experiment, and at the end of the experiment for which T-cells were counted every day for the last 4 days to allow the cells to form clear structures and do not disturb their evolution into various geometries. The slow rotating device could be considered a good system to perform T-cell activation studies and develop cell aggregates for various types of cells that react differently to thermal stressors.

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International roadmap for artificial gravity research

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis

Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis

Short-Term Cardiovascular Response to Short-Radius Centrifugation With and Without Ergometer Exercise

Investigation of Murine T-Cells and Cancer Cells under Thermal Stressors and 2D Slow Rotating System Effects as a Testbed for Suborbital Flights

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