International study on the importance of communication between automated vehicles and pedestrians

Zandi, Babak; Singer, Timo; Kobbert, Jonas; Khanh, Tran Quoc

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.08.006

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A display message such as 'walk' in a green font color received maximum responses, indicating an egocentric perspective by the pedestrian. B. Zandi's [26] research survey was conducted in six countries to determine which displaying messages were more apparent to pedestrians based on different scenarios. The survey result showed that messages displaying the vehicle's status are more effective than the status messages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

et al. 2022

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Automobile manufacturers, alongside technology providers, researchers, and public agencies, are conducting extensive testing to design autonomous vehicles (AVs) algorithms that will provide a complete understanding of road users, specifically pedestrians. Pedestrian behavior and actions determination are highly unpredictable depending on behavioral beliefs, context, and socio-demographic variables. Context includes everything that potentially affects one’s behavior; in AVs–pedestrian interaction, context may consist of weather conditions, road structure, social factors norms, and traffic volume. These influencing elements, therefore, need to be focused on during the development of pedestrian interaction algorithms. For this purpose, the pedestrian behavior questionnaire for FAVs (PBQF) is designed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A total of almost 1000 voluntary participants completed this multilingual survey. As socio-demographic values and physiological perception varies with local norms, regions, and ethnicity, participants from 27 countries were therefore chosen to account for this variation. One of the key findings of this study is the influence of pedestrian attributes and the context on pedestrian behavior. Pedestrian action cannot be understood without visual observation of the pedestrian themselves and their context. The findings showed that pedestrians build communication with vehicles based on their driving styles. The vehicle’s driving style leads pedestrians to think that the vehicle is human-driven or autonomous. The results also revealed that pedestrians use several cues to show their intention. The general perception of AVs was also analyzed, and the communication between AVs and pedestrians with different displaying options was investigated.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

et al. 2022

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“…A recent meta-analysis of external HMIs (eHMIs) that can be used for the AV to "communicate" its level of automation or "behavioural" intentions suggests several knowledge gaps regarding the optimal features of this communication to ensure safe interactions (Dey et al, 2020). Zandi et al (2020) suggest, on the basis of a survey in six countries, that AV intention messages are more important for pedestrians than AV status signals. Finally, it is suggested that AV systems are not guaranteed to handle safety critical situations when the movements of pedestrians are non-typical (Ondruš et al, 2020).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards common ethical and safe ‘behaviour’ standards for automated vehicles

Papadimitriou

Farah

Kaa

et al. 2022

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Most surveys in the literature have focused on VRUs' receptivity, perceptions, and expectations of AVs (17)(18)(19)(20). Other survey-based and semi-structured interview studies have investigated experts' perspectives on AV-VRU interaction and e-HMI design (21)(22)(23). The results of these studies provide valuable insights into the design of effective and efficient e-HMIs for AVs to ensure safe and seamless interaction with VRUs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of these studies provide valuable insights into the design of effective and efficient e-HMIs for AVs to ensure safe and seamless interaction with VRUs. For example, in Zandi et al ( 22 ), participants from various countries reached the conclusion that the “Intent” messages of e-HMIs were more significant than “Status” messages. Bazilinskyy et al ( 24 ) conducted a large-scale survey on e-HMIs, receiving 1,770 responses with regard to the clarity of 28 e-HMIs developed by the industry and 2,000 responses on the impact of e-HMI text and color.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying User Needs and Current Challenges of External Interface Design for AV-VRU Communications: Insights from an Expert Survey Data Analysis

Ammar

Guo

Misra

et al. 2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The recent deployment of highly automated vehicles (AVs) in various cities highlights the potential improvement of transportation safety but also reveals the need for improved interaction between AVs and other road users, particularly vulnerable road users (VRUs). The reduction of driver involvement in this AV-VRU interaction results in the absence of human-to-human communication cues and thus calls for new system designs. Researchers have proposed designing external human–machine interfaces (e-HMIs) to replace these communication cues and improve the AV-VRU interaction. However, designing e-HMIs is complex and requires consideration of various factors, such as stakeholder responsibilities, context of use, user needs, implementation, design principles, and usability testing. This paper examines potential e-HMI design solutions from the perspective of experts to determine user needs and identify challenges. An online survey was conducted with 47 experts in the AV and VRU field to gather their opinions on anticipated issues in AV-VRU interaction, preferred e-HMI design options, and related concerns. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data revealed that experts view “Awareness” and “Intent” as the most important information to be communicated through visual e-HMIs placed on AVs. Open-ended questions also showed that there were fewer experts concerned about “Awareness” and “Intent” compared with other information types, and more experts concerned about auditory cues compared with visual cues and about VRU wearable or handheld devices installation locations compared with other locations. These findings provide insights into the efficiency, feasibility, effectiveness, and challenges in developing e-HMIs for improved and safer communication between AVs and VRUs.

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International study on the importance of communication between automated vehicles and pedestrians

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Towards common ethical and safe ‘behaviour’ standards for automated vehicles

Identifying User Needs and Current Challenges of External Interface Design for AV-VRU Communications: Insights from an Expert Survey Data Analysis

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