“…First, the fairness phenomenon of arm's length price in intra-firm transactions for tax purposes is compared with the company's business objectives with quantitative methods (Halperin and Srinidhi, 1991;Edlin and Reichelstein, 1995;Alles and Datar, 1998;Anctil and Dutta, 1999;Kachelmeier and Towry, 2002). Second, abuse of transfer prices for the purpose of avoidance and tax evasion (Durst, 2002;Eden et al, 2005;Exbrayat et.al, 2010). Third, the existence of transfer pricing is a problem in international taxation related to globalization and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) activities carried out by MNEs (Mehafdi, 2000;Tanzi, 2000;Asher and Rajan, 2001;Deprez, 2003;Paris, 2003).…”