International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future

Morgounov, Alexey; Özdemir, Fatih; Keser, Mesut; Akın, Beyhan; Payne, Thomas; Braun, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.15302/j-fase-2019261

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Two wheat groups (WW and SW) were planted simultaneously in a single trial and subjected to the same agronomic practices. Thus, the level of change in the GY and related traits of WW genotypes was determined by comparing SW genotypes (as a control treatment) [33,42]. For example, the relative difference in the GY of WW genotypes was calculated with the following Equation (2):…”

Section: Comparing Winter Wheat With Spring Wheat: Relative Differenc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is suggested here has been implemented for many years. The improvement strategy of the IWWIP program coordinated by CIMMYT-ICARDA-Turkey has been built on the principle we mentioned [33]. The IWWIP program creates WW × SW crossing combinations to expand the WW adaptation boundaries and makes simultaneous selections over the multienvironment trials conducted in SWZ, WWZ, and facultative wheat zone (FWZ) of Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Kaya

2021

Agronomy

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Climate change scenarios reveal that Turkey’s wheat production area is under the combined effects of heat and drought stresses. The adverse effects of climate change have just begun to be experienced in Turkey’s spring and the winter wheat zones. However, climate change is likely to affect the winter wheat zone more severely. Fortunately, there is a fast, repeatable, reliable and relatively affordable way to predict climate change effects on winter wheat (e.g., testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone). For this purpose, 36 wheat genotypes in total, consisting of 14 spring and 22 winter types, were tested under the field conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, a representative of the spring wheat zone of Turkey, during the two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020). Simultaneous heat (>30 °C) and drought (<40 mm) stresses occurring in May and June during both growing seasons caused drastic losses in winter wheat grain yield and its components. Declines in plant characteristics of winter wheat genotypes, compared to those of spring wheat genotypes using as a control treatment, were determined as follows: 46.3% in grain yield, 23.7% in harvest index, 30.5% in grains per spike and 19.4% in thousand kernel weight, whereas an increase of 282.2% in spike sterility occurred. On the other hand, no substantial changes were observed in plant height (10 cm longer than that of spring wheat) and on days to heading (25 days more than that of spring wheat) of winter wheat genotypes. In general, taller winter wheat genotypes tended to lodge. Meanwhile, it became impossible to avoid the combined effects of heat and drought stresses during anthesis and grain filling periods because the time to heading of winter wheat genotypes could not be shortened significantly. In conclusion, our research findings showed that many winter wheat genotypes would not successfully adapt to climate change. It was determined that specific plant characteristics such as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, long phenological duration (lack of earliness per se) and vulnerability to diseases prevailing in the spring wheat zone, made winter wheat difficult to adapt to climate change. The most important strategic step that can be taken to overcome these challenges is that Turkey’s wheat breeding program objectives should be harmonized with the climate change scenarios.

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Section: Comparing Winter Wheat With Spring Wheat: Relative Differenc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Kaya

2021

Agronomy

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“…Since independence in 1991, several wheat breeding and research programs with clear focus on yield potential under irrigation were established in Andijan, Tashkent, Karshi and other regions. International cooperation with CIMMYT and ICARDA has made an important contribution resulting in development and adoption of new winter wheat cultivars (Morgounov et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and sustainability of wheat landraces grown in Uzbekistan

Baboev

Mumınjanov

Turakulov

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Development of new wheat cultivars combining good local adaptation, disease resistance and grain quality represents an important strategy component for national food security. Uzbekistan was identified by N. Vavilov as important center of wheat diversity. An inventory of landraces was conducted in 2010-2013 in western Tien-Shan Mountains to survey, collect, and characterize old wheats still grown by farmers. Thirty landraces were collected from 17 villages in Jizzakh, Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya Regions. The material went through spike selection, head-rows, un-replicated trials in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), and replicated trials in Konya, Turkey (2018. Landrace diversity was described using spike morphological traits and DNA profiles as reflected by single nucleotide polymorphism. A socioeconomic survey demonstrated that wheat landraces are grown in remote mountain communities by subsistence farmers despite having access to modern cultivars, and both are frequently grown together. The main reasons for the maintenance of landraces are: (1) large grain with excellent breadmaking quality and suitability for home-baking; (2) specific adaptations allowing stable and reliable yield; and (3) straw yield and quality. Similar genomic profiles shared by some landraces from remote regions of Uzbekistan and neighboring Tajikistan demonstrated their common origin and are indicative of seed exchange between farmers. Agronomic characterization demonstrated the resilient nature of their adaptation based on spring and facultative growth habit and superiority of some landraces for grain yield and its components compared to local checks. Viable options for maintaining and expanding on-farm wheat diversity include their improvement through selection and breeding, market development, variable incentives, and capacity building. For the first time, this paper presents results of a unique 10-year study in Uzbekistan on social conditions in the areas where wheat landraces are grown, analyses the diversity of these landraces, evaluates agronomic characteristics, and discusses the sustainability options for on-farm wheat landraces use and conservation.

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