Internationalism in Relief: The Birth (and Death) of UNRRA

Reinisch, Jessica

doi:10.1093/pastj/gtq050

Cited by 57 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Europe was in ruins and its hegemony in international affairs challenged as the United Nations replaced the League of Nations, while East-West tensions arose and Empires crumbled in the face of growing anti-colonial movements throughout the Global South. In 1945, organizing the reconstruction of Europe and the stabilization of world order entailed important global challenges such as feeding a fast-growing world population, relocating millions of refugees displaced by the war and rebuilding countries devastated by the conflict (Hamblin, 2012;Staple, 2003;Reinisch, 2011;White, 2011). These issues put enormous pressure on natural resources and nature as a whole.…”

Section: Amazonia and The Challenge Of Postwar Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Origins of Brazil's Great Acceleration: The SPVEA's Primeiro Plano Quinquenal and the Technoscientific Recovery of Amazonia, 1945-1959

Mougey

2018

Varia hist.

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In 1955, the SPVEA launched the Primeiro Plano Quinquenal in response to growing international interest in Amazonia's resources and internal pressure to address the region's chronic underdevelopment. The Plano was the largest modernization plan attempted in Amazonia until then. It aimed at transforming the region's rich ecosystem into the driving force of Brazil's development as well as a major raw material provider for global markets. The article examines this neglected episode of Brazilian developmentalism as an important experience preparing the entrance of Brazil in the so-called Great Acceleration. The Plano established a rational method and constructed a technoscientific infrastructure that did not just organize the modernization of the region as a whole but formed an Anthropocene culture in Amazonia. Via their planned approach to the modernization of Amazonia, the SPVEA planners introduced new representations, demands, and expectations of the Thomas MOUGEY 376Varia Historia, Belo Horizonte, vol. 34, n. 65 region which encouraged the exploitation of its biological reality and linked it to the advancement of Brazil. Thus, the article explores, some specificities of the Great Acceleration in the Global South and sheds new light on the political and cultural origins of the Anthropocene in Brazil. Keywords Great Acceleration, science, Amazonia.Resumo Em 1955, a Superintendência do Plano para a Valorização Econômica da Amazônia (SPVEA) lançou o Primeiro Plano Quinquenal, em resposta ao crescente interesse internacional nos recursos da Amazônia e à pressão interna para tratar do crônico subdesenvolvimento da região. O documento, o maior plano de modernização elaborado para a Amazônia até aquela data, visava a transformar o rico ecossistema da região em uma força propulsora do desenvolvimento brasileiro, bem como fazer dessa região uma grande fornecedora de matéria-prima para os mercados globais. Este artigo propõe-se a estudar esse episódio negligenciado do desenvolvimentismo brasileiro como uma experiência importante na preparação da entrada do Brasil na chamada "Grande Aceleração". O Plano estabeleceu uma metodologia racional e construiu uma infraestrutura tecnocientífica que não apenas organizaram a modernização da região como um todo, mas formaram uma cultura antropocênica na Amazônia. Ao propor uma abordagem planejada da modernização da Amazônia, os burocratas da SPVEA introduziram novas representações, demandas e expectativas regionais que favoreceram a exploração daquela realidade biológica e vincularam a região ao progresso do país. Dessa forma, este artigo investiga algumas especificidades da Grande Aceleração no Sul Global, com o objetivo de contribuir para iluminar as origens políticas e culturais do Antropoceno no Brasil.

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Section: Amazonia and The Challenge Of Postwar Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Origins of Brazil's Great Acceleration: The SPVEA's Primeiro Plano Quinquenal and the Technoscientific Recovery of Amazonia, 1945-1959

Mougey

2018

Varia hist.

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“…Na jedné straně zaznívaly nadšené argumenty vztahující se k zakládající smlouvě organizace (v roce 1943) coby k jednomu z nejdůležitějších válečných politických rozhodnutí. Dle některých politiků vznikla organizace, která se měla stát rovněž jakousi platformou pro světový management [Reinisch 2011]. Na straně druhé zůstaly nezodpovězeny otázky týkající se nadměrných výdajů v poměru s výsledky činnosti organizace.…”

Section: úVodunclassified

“…Někteří historici jako např. Jessica Reinisch, která se dlouhodobě zabývá organizací UNRRA, v tom nevidí náhodu [Reinisch 2011. 29 Do určité míry je načasování příznačné.…”

Section: Repatriace a Přesídleníunclassified

UNRRA a uprchlická krize po druhé světové válce. Operace „Displaced persons“

Yasin¹

2018

Historická Sociologie

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This paper is dedicated to the UNRRA, the United Nations organization envisioned to deal with the expected consequences of ongoing war including devastation, famine, diseases and mass displacement. As it turned out, tackling the mass displacement was most important and challenging task of UNRRA. Expectations were set high. However, lack of comprehension of challenges raised doubts about UNRRA and its role in whole postwar rehabilitation process. Questions were raised about size and cost of administrative staff, and about their reliability and effectiveness. Did UNRRA had sufficient "know-how" to carry out relief work at global scale? The study of archive material, memoirs and specialized bibliography, and various published articles helps to uncover the reasons behind huge criticism faced by UNRRA.

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“…24 Agencies with shortterm mandates, such as the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), would soon be dismantled, but new emergency offices were established two decades later. 25 The UN Disaster Relief Office was created in 1971, followed by the emergency offices of UNICEF in the same year. A series of international UN conferences spurred the establishment of emergency offices by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme, and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1974-75, trailed by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees in 1980.…”

Section: A History Of Humanitarian Organizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctures in the History of International Humanitarian Aid during the Twentieth Century

Paulmann¹

2013

hum

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Internationalism in Relief: The Birth (and Death) of UNRRA

Cited by 57 publications

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Tracing the Origins of Brazil's Great Acceleration: The SPVEA's Primeiro Plano Quinquenal and the Technoscientific Recovery of Amazonia, 1945-1959

Tracing the Origins of Brazil's Great Acceleration: The SPVEA's Primeiro Plano Quinquenal and the Technoscientific Recovery of Amazonia, 1945-1959

UNRRA a uprchlická krize po druhé světové válce. Operace „Displaced persons“

Conjunctures in the History of International Humanitarian Aid during the Twentieth Century

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