Internet of Spacecraft for Multi-Planetary Defense and Prosperity

Abstract

Recent years have seen unprecedentedly fast-growing prosperity in the commercial space industry. Several privately funded aerospace manufacturers, such as Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) and Blue Origin have transformed what we used to know about this capital-intense industry and gradually reshaped the future of human civilization. As private spaceflight and multi-planetary immigration gradually become realities from science fiction (sci-fi) and theory, both opportunities and challenges will be presented. In this article, we first review the progress in space exploration and the underlying space technologies. Next, we revisit the K-Pg extinction event and the Chelyabinsk event and predict extra-terrestrialization, terraformation, and planetary defense, including the emerging near-Earth object (NEO) observation and NEO impact avoidance technologies and strategies. Furthermore, a framework for the Solar Communication and Defense Networks (SCADN) with advanced algorithms and high efficacy is proposed to enable an Internet of distributed deep-space sensing, communications, and defense to cope with disastrous incidents such as asteroid/comet impacts. Furthermore, perspectives on the legislation, management, and supervision of founding the proposed SCADN are also discussed in depth.

Sixth-Generation (6G) Networks for Improved Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication in Industry 4.0

“…VLCs offer solutions both inside buildings (including industrial locations) and outdoors, for example for traffic management. Optical noise-tolerant VLC systems based on on-off keying (OOK) modulation and Manchester encoding or binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation can maintain a maximum noise radiation intensity of 3500 µW/cm 2 and provide a 20-25% improvement in indirect exposure to incandescent light sources [21]. It should be noted that IoT is a promising technology not only in the evolution of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 but also in smart home automation (SHA), smart sustainable cities, energy management systems, and municipal resources (water, waste), which will enable better integration of the above-mentioned areas, extending M2M wireless communication beyond smart factories to many other fields, including monitoring of the product life cycle, its carbon footprint, and full recycling.…”

The research on near-Earth objects(NEOs) and its possible protectionary methods

“…Nuclear explosion devices are a mature technology with operational space experience. A nuclear explosion could destroy or deflect an asteroid by transmitting energy in the from of neutrons and X-rays [10]. They will not appreciably penetrate the materials.…”

Technology Trends for Massive MIMO towards 6G

“…Massive MIMO in Deep Space: Anticipating humanity's transition to a multiplanetary existence [62], the deployment of telecommunication infrastructure and massive MIMO technologies becomes essential in accommodating more distant celestial bodies. As proposed in the Solar Communication and Defense Networks (SCADN) concept [63], a comprehensive massive MIMO sensing and communications system, rooted in an interconnected network of countless spacecraft and satellites strewn across the solar system, presents a promising solution as illustrated in Figure 7. This integrated framework offers capabilities for early threat identification and neutralization (for instance, hazardous asteroids or comets), thus safeguarding both our home planet and potential extraterrestrial human outposts.…”

“…Figure 7. Illustrations of the SCADN framework which monitors the space, and detects and intercepts the hazardous space objects (dimension of celestial bodies, space objects, and orbits are not scaled)[63].…”