Technology Trends for Massive MIMO towards 6G

Huo, Yiming; Lin, Xingqin; Di, Boya; Zhang, Hongliang; Hernando, Javier Lorca; Tan, A. Serdar; Mumtaz, Shahid; Demir, Özlem Tuğfe; Chen‐Hu, Kun

doi:10.3390/s23136062

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Cell-free massive MIMO Cell-free massive MIMO, characterized by deploying numerous antennas across an area to enhance wireless communication efficiency, leverage AI for various crucial tasks. AI algorithms are utilized for resource allocation, interference coordination, and user scheduling to maximize network capacity and mitigate interference effectively [160].…”

Section: Terahertz Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

Chataut,

Nankya,

Akl

2024

Sensors

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In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless communication, each successive generation of networks has achieved significant technological leaps, profoundly transforming the way we connect and interact. From the analog simplicity of 1G to the digital prowess of 5G, the journey of mobile networks has been marked by constant innovation and escalating demands for faster, more reliable, and more efficient communication systems. As 5G becomes a global reality, laying the foundation for an interconnected world, the quest for even more advanced networks leads us to the threshold of the sixth-generation (6G) era. This paper presents a hierarchical exploration of 6G networks, poised at the forefront of the next revolution in wireless technology. This study delves into the technological advancements that underpin the need for 6G, examining its key features, benefits, and key enabling technologies. We dissect the intricacies of cutting-edge innovations like terahertz communication, ultra-massive MIMO, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), quantum communication, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Through a meticulous analysis, we evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and state-of-the-art research in these areas, offering a wider view of the current progress and potential applications of 6G networks. Central to our discussion is the transformative role of AI in shaping the future of 6G networks. By integrating AI and ML, 6G networks are expected to offer unprecedented capabilities, from enhanced mobile broadband to groundbreaking applications in areas like smart cities and autonomous systems. This integration heralds a new era of intelligent, self-optimizing networks that promise to redefine the parameters of connectivity and digital interaction. We also address critical challenges in the deployment of 6G, from technological hurdles to regulatory concerns, providing a holistic assessment of potential barriers. By highlighting the interplay between 6G and AI technologies, this study maps out the current landscape and lights the path forward in this rapidly evolving domain. This paper aims to be a cornerstone resource, providing essential insights, addressing unresolved research questions, and stimulating further investigation into the multifaceted realm of 6G networks. By highlighting the synergy between 6G and AI technologies, we aim to illuminate the path forward in this rapidly evolving field.

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Section: Terahertz Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

Chataut,

Nankya,

Akl

2024

Sensors

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“…We consider two users (i.e., UE g and UE d ), two APs (i.e., AP g and AP d ) and an MEH, as in Figure 1. UE g , AP g , UE d and AP d are placed at [5,0], [5,20], [8,0] and [8,20], respectively. Both UEs are equipped with a single antenna, and both APs employ a uniform linear array of M g = M d = 8 elements.…”

Section: Wireless Communications Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter entails theoretical research of new technologies' fundamental limits, the definition of new cutting edge use cases [3,4], their associated Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Key Value Indicators (KVIs) and, obviously, the new technological levers to enable the ecosystem. New technological enablers are required at all layers of the protocol stack, from application and network to the physical layer [5,6], and also down to the wireless propagation environment with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces [7][8][9]. This cross-layer perspective will give birth to a fully reconfigurable system that can adapt to extremely diverse requirements, with a joint orchestration of heterogeneous resources (wireless, computing, storage).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Goal-Oriented Communications: How to Coexist with Legacy Systems?

Merluzzi,

Filippou,

Gomes Baltar

et al. 2024

Telecom

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6G will connect heterogeneous intelligent agents to make them natively operate complex cooperative tasks. When connecting intelligence, two main research questions arise to identify how artificial intelligence and machine learning models behave depending on (i) their input data quality, affected by errors induced by interference and additive noise during wireless communication; (ii) their contextual effectiveness and resilience to interpret and exploit the meaning behind the data. Both questions are within the realm of semantic and goal-oriented communications. With this paper, we investigate how to effectively share communication spectrum resources between a legacy communication system (i.e., data-oriented) and a new goal-oriented edge intelligence one. Specifically, we address the scenario of an enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service, i.e., a user uploading a video stream to a radio access point, interfering with an edge inference system, in which a user uploads images to a Mobile Edge Host that runs a classification task. Our objective is to achieve, through cooperation, the highest eMBB service data rate, subject to a targeted goal effectiveness of the edge inference service, namely the probability of confident inference on time. We first formalize a general definition of a goal in the context of wireless communications. This includes the goal effectiveness, (i.e., the goal achievability rate, or the probability of achieving the goal), as well as goal cost (i.e., the network resource consumption needed to achieve the goal with target effectiveness). We argue and show, through numerical evaluations, that communication reliability and goal effectiveness are not straightforwardly linked. Then, after a performance evaluation aiming to clarify the difference between communication performance and goal effectiveness, a long-term optimization problem is formulated and solved via Lyapunov stochastic network optimization tools to guarantee the desired target performance. Finally, our numerical results assess the advantages of the proposed optimization and the superiority of the goal-oriented strategy against baseline 5G-compliant legacy approaches, under both stationary and non-stationary communication (and computation) environments.

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“…The findings reported in these papers have pointed out the importance of LEO satellite systems but also that the role of satellites in higher orbits remains important for resilience [9,10]. Integration of UAV networks and satellites has been studied in [11][12][13], which covered local capacity enhancements, interference management, and trajectory optimizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Layered Satellite Communications Systems for Ultra-High Availability and Resilience

Höyhtyä,

Anttonen,

Majanen

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Satellite communications systems provide a means to connect people and devices in hard-to-reach locations. Traditional geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite systems and low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, having their own strengths and weaknesses, have been used as separate systems serving different markets and customers. In this article, we analyze how satellite systems in different orbits could be integrated together and used as a multi-layer satellite system (MLSS) to improve communication services. The optimization concerns combining the strengths of different layers that include a larger coverage area as one moves up by each layer of altitude and a shorter delay as one moves down by each layer of altitude. We review the current literature and market estimates and use the information to provide a thorough assessment of the economic, regulatory, and technological enablers of the MLSS. We define the MLSS concept and the architecture and describe our testbed and the simulation tools used as a comprehensive engineering proof-of-concept. The validation results confirm that the MLSS approach can intelligently exploit the smaller jitter of GEO and shorter delay of LEO connections, and it can increase the availability and resilience of communication services. As a main conclusion, we can say that multi-layered networks and the integration of satellite and terrestrial segments seem very promising candidates for future 6G systems.

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Technology Trends for Massive MIMO towards 6G

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

6G Goal-Oriented Communications: How to Coexist with Legacy Systems?

Multi-Layered Satellite Communications Systems for Ultra-High Availability and Resilience

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