Internet of Things in Greenhouse Agriculture: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Applications, and Protocols

Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Riaz, Shamyla; Helou, Mamoun Abu; Khan, F.A.; Abid, Adnan; Alvi, Atif

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3166634

Cited by 52 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Plants are monitored for their nutrient level and other necessities using the IoT, and the supply of water and nutrients is controlled using fuzzy logic. Lettuce and bok choy were experimented with using a smart hydroponic setup based on fuzzy logic in [ 19 , 21 ] and were found to grow better in terms of leaf size in [ 16 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Raspberry Pi and Arduino are used to monitor the various parameters that are known to affect crop yield, such as CO 2 , moisture in the growing medium, humidity, temperature, and light intensity.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System

Dutta

Gupta

Sahu

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Smart sensing devices enabled hydroponics, a concept of vertical farming that involves soilless technology that increases green area. Although the cultivation medium is water, hydroponic cultivation uses 13 ± 10 times less water and gives 10 ± 5 times better quality products compared with those obtained through the substrate cultivation medium. The use of smart sensing devices helps in continuous real-time monitoring of the nutrient requirements and the environmental conditions required by the crop selected for cultivation. This, in turn, helps in enhanced year-round agricultural production. In this study, lettuce, a leafy crop, is cultivated with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) setup of hydroponics, and the growth results are compared with cultivation in a substrate medium. The leaf growth was analyzed in terms of cultivation cycle, leaf length, leaf perimeter, and leaf count in both cultivation methods, where hydroponics outperformed substrate cultivation. The results of the ‘AquaCrop simulator also showed similar results, not only qualitatively and quantitatively, but also in terms of sustainable growth and year-round production. The energy consumption of both the cultivation methods is compared, and it is found that hydroponics consumes 70 ± 11 times more energy compared to substrate cultivation. Finally, it is concluded that smart sensing devices form the backbone of precision agriculture, thereby multiplying crop yield by real-time monitoring of the agronomical variables.

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Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System

Dutta

Gupta

Sahu

et al. 2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, ZigBee can function in a low-power sleep mode using batteries for extended periods [23]. It supports various network techniques, encompassing star, tree, and mesh topology, resulting in three primary Zigbee network types: star, tree, and wireless mesh network topology [101].…”

Section: A Short-range Protocols 1) Zigbeementioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture Applications: A Survey

Mowla,

Shah

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The increasing food scarcity necessitates sustainable agriculture achieved through automation to meet the growing demand. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is crucial in enhancing food production across various agricultural domains, encompassing irrigation, soil moisture monitoring, fertilizer optimization and control, early-stage pest and crop disease management, and energy conservation. Wireless application protocols such as ZigBee, WiFi, SigFox, and LoRaWAN are commonly employed to collect real-time data for monitoring purposes. Embracing advanced technology is imperative to ensure efficient annual production. Therefore, this study emphasizes a comprehensive, futureoriented approach, delving into IoT-WSNs, wireless network protocols, and their applications in agriculture since 2019. It thoroughly discusses the overview of IoT and WSNs, encompassing their architectures and summarization of network protocols. Furthermore, the study addresses recent issues and challenges related to IoT-WSNs and proposes mitigation strategies. It provides clear recommendations for the future, emphasizing the integration of advanced technology aiming to contribute to the future development of smart agriculture systems. INDEX TERMSInternet of things, wireless sensor networks, wireless network protocols, smart agriculture applications.

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“…The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Claudio Zunino. people with enough food [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Smart farming was introduced as an emerging concept that refers to managing farms using various ICT, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and robotics, to increase agricultural outputs while optimizing the human labor required for production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin Application: Making a Virtual Pig House Toward Digital Livestock Farming

Jeong,

Jo,

Lee

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Digital twins, an emerging technology, are widely used in various industries. It builds a virtual space by mirroring a physical space and performs different simulations to solve problems that are complicated or impossible to solve in the physical space. Livestock farming in agriculture is evolving rapidly with the introduction of various information and communication technologies for digital farming. However, only few studies have examined the digital twin in terms of HVAC systems directly related to productivity in livestock farming. Here, we propose a novel digital twin framework for livestock farming focusing on pig houses. Livestock farming is one of perspective areas where digital twins can provide benefits for the growth of livestock and their operation in an efficient manner. To validate effect of the proposed digital twin framework for a pig house, we perform various simulations using a real-world dataset of a pig house. As a result of analyzing the energy demands for heating in pigsty based on the digital twin framework, the fan-coil unit was found to be the most energy efficient. In addition, when the optimal control of the HVAC system was applied, it was found to be more energy efficient than the conventional control method. The results obtained in this study show that our approach is superior to existing operational conventions, particularly in terms of energy efficiency.INDEX TERMS Digital livestock farming, digital twin, energy, simulation.

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Internet of Things in Greenhouse Agriculture: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Applications, and Protocols

Cited by 52 publications

References 117 publications

Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System

Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System

Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture Applications: A Survey

Digital Twin Application: Making a Virtual Pig House Toward Digital Livestock Farming

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